Lambertz C, Poulopoulou I, Wuthijaree K, Gauly M
Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Universitätsplatz 5, 39100, Bolzano, Italy.
BMC Vet Res. 2019 Jun 27;15(1):216. doi: 10.1186/s12917-019-1968-8.
This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of anthelmintics in goats raised under mountain farming conditions in northern Italy. On 8 goat farms (n = 143 animals), a faecal egg count reduction (FECR) test was done after farmers conducted their routine anthelmintic treatments. Furthermore, on 5 goat farms (n = 135 animals) a FECR test was done under controlled conditions applying oral formulations of a macrocyclic lactone (ML), benzimidazole (BZ) (partly in combination with salicylanilide (SA)) or a combination of imidazothiazole (IT) and SA on the same farm. AR was assumed if FECR and the upper confidence interval (CI) was < 95% and the lower 95% CI was < 90%.
Underdosing was found in 6 of the 8 farms tested after routine treatments. Out of the 6 routinely ML-treated goat flocks, only three were found where ML showed adequate efficacy. FECR in all others ranged between 64 and 93%. In one flock Trichostrongylus spp. and in one Haemonchus spp. larvae were identified after treatment. BZ-treated flocks had an efficacy of 99 and 37%. Larvae identified after treatment were Trichostrongylus spp. in one and Haemonchus spp. in the other flock. Under controlled conditions, ML had an adequate efficacy on 4 farms and a FECR of 88% on another one. BZ was effective on all farms. The combination of BZ and SA had a FECR of 99% on the farm it was tested. IT + SA in combination was effective on 2 farms and had a FECR of 91% on a third farm. Larvae identified after treatment were composed of Haemonchus spp. (ML and BZ), Trichostrongylus spp. (BZ) and Teladorsagia spp. (BZ and SA).
This first report on the prevalence of AR in goats in the mountainous region of South Tyrol reveals a low efficacy of the most commonly used anthelmintics after routine treatments. This might be explained by a high level of underdosing as observed in the farms. However, results from the controlled FECR tests suggest that the observed level of AR was lower but cannot be solely explained by underdosing.
本研究旨在评估驱虫药对意大利北部山区养殖山羊的疗效。在8个山羊养殖场（共143只动物），在养殖户进行常规驱虫治疗后进行了粪便虫卵计数减少率（FECR）试验。此外，在5个山羊养殖场（共135只动物），在受控条件下对同一养殖场应用大环内酯类（ML）、苯并咪唑类（BZ）（部分与水杨酰苯胺（SA）联合使用）或咪唑噻唑类（IT）与SA的组合进行口服制剂的FECR试验。如果FECR和上置信区间（CI）<95%且下95%CI<90%，则假定存在抗药性（AR）。
在8个经常规治疗的养殖场中，有6个发现给药不足。在6个常规用ML治疗的山羊群中，只有3个发现ML显示出足够的疗效。其他所有羊群的FECR在64%至93%之间。在一个羊群中治疗后鉴定出毛圆线虫属幼虫，在另一个羊群中鉴定出血矛线虫属幼虫。用BZ治疗的羊群的疗效分别为99%和37%。治疗后鉴定出的幼虫，一个羊群中是毛圆线虫属，另一个羊群中是血矛线虫属。在受控条件下，ML在4个养殖场有足够的疗效，在另一个养殖场FECR为88%。BZ在所有养殖场均有效。BZ与SA的组合在测试的养殖场FECR为99%。IT + SA组合在2个养殖场有效，在第三个养殖场FECR为91%。治疗后鉴定出的幼虫包括血矛线虫属（ML和BZ）、毛圆线虫属（BZ）和细颈线虫属（BZ和SA）。
这份关于南蒂罗尔山区山羊抗药性流行情况的首份报告显示，常规治疗后最常用的驱虫药疗效较低。这可能是由于养殖场中观察到的给药不足程度较高。然而，受控FECR试验的结果表明，观察到的抗药性水平较低，但不能仅用给药不足来解释。
