Department of Psychology, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza dell'Ateneo Nuovo, 1, 20126, Milano, Italy.
Parma-Milan, Personality Disorders Lab, Milan, Italy.
Curr Psychiatry Rep. 2019 Jul 1;21(8):69. doi: 10.1007/s11920-019-1059-3.
We review recent empirical investigations about two core processes subtending impairments in interpersonal functioning and, more precisely, cooperative behaviors in personality disorders: Trust toward others and rejection sensitivity. The main contributions are about borderline and narcissistic personality disorders but we report a little evidence about other personality disorders too (i.e., avoidant, antisocial, and paranoid personality disorders).
Regarding borderline personality disorder, a misinterpretation of situations as threatening seems to be relevant for both trust and rejection sensitivity. With specific regard to narcissistic personality disorder, results suggest rejection sensitivity and distrust to be plausible risk factors for aggressive outbursts. Empirical findings display specific patterns of disturbances in rejection sensitivity and trust dynamics across different personality disorders. Nonetheless, further studies on personality disorders other than borderline or narcissistic personality disorder are needed. A deeper understanding may provide insight for better clinical management of such impairments among patients with personality disorders.
我们回顾了最近关于人格障碍患者人际交往功能障碍，尤其是合作行为障碍两个核心过程的实证研究：对他人的信任和拒绝敏感性。主要贡献涉及边缘型和自恋型人格障碍，但我们也报告了其他人格障碍（即回避型、反社会型和偏执型人格障碍）的一些证据。
对于边缘型人格障碍，将情况误解为威胁似乎与信任和拒绝敏感性都有关。具体到自恋型人格障碍，研究结果表明，拒绝敏感性和不信任可能是攻击性爆发的合理风险因素。实证研究结果显示，不同人格障碍患者的拒绝敏感性和信任动态存在特定的障碍模式。然而，仍需要对边缘型或自恋型人格障碍以外的人格障碍进行进一步的研究。更深入的了解可能为更好地管理人格障碍患者的这些障碍提供思路。
