Hepp Johanna, Mohr Melissa R M, Niedtfeld Inga
Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, J5, 68159, Mannheim, Germany.
University of Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany.
Borderline Personal Disord Emot Dysregul. 2022 Nov 10;9(1):32. doi: 10.1186/s40479-022-00201-0.
Dimensional models of personality disorders postulate interpersonal dysfunction as the core feature of personality pathology, and describe maladaptive personality traits that characterize the specific pattern of dysfunction that is experienced. Herein, we examined whether maladaptive traits predict prosocial and trusting behavior, both of which are highly relevant behaviors for interpersonal functioning. Specifically, we examined antagonism as a predictor of prosocial behavior in a dictator game, and suspiciousness as a predictor of trust in the faith game.
The study was preregistered and conducted online. The preregistration protocol is available at https://osf.io/er43j . Data and code are available at https://osf.io/2rvbg/ . Participants (N = 445) completed the German version of the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 to measure antagonism and suspiciousness. Additionally, they played the dictator game (more money taken away from another person indicates less prosocial behavior) and the faith game (choosing the sure choice instead of the faith choice indicates less trust). We conducted a linear regression model to test whether antagonism is associated with prosocial behavior in the dictator game and a logistic regression model to test whether suspiciousness predicts selection of the sure choice in the faith game.
As hypothesized, higher levels of antagonism were associated with less prosocial behavior in the dictator game. The remaining hypotheses were not supported, as suspiciousness was not significantly associated with the likelihood of choosing the sure choice in the faith game. Exploratory analyses on participants' estimates of the sure choice amount suggest successful experimental manipulation in the faith game.
The results on antagonism and prosocial behavior are consistent with those of previous studies that used categorial classification systems of personality disorders or examined non-pathological personality traits. Potential explanations for the non-significant effects of suspiciousness are discussed, including the small size and range of the sure choice payoff and that the anonymity of the game may have precluded suspicious traits from expressing. Future research with higher stakes and known interaction partners is needed to further probe the effects of suspiciousness.
人格障碍的维度模型假定人际功能障碍是人格病理学的核心特征，并描述了表征所经历的特定功能障碍模式的适应不良人格特质。在此，我们研究了适应不良特质是否能预测亲社会行为和信任行为，这两种行为对于人际功能而言都是高度相关的行为。具体而言，我们考察了在独裁者博弈中，敌对性作为亲社会行为的预测指标，以及在信任博弈中，怀疑性作为信任的预测指标。
该研究预先注册并在网上进行。预注册方案可在https://osf.io/er43j获取。数据和代码可在https://osf.io/2rvbg/获取。参与者（N = 445）完成了德文版的《精神疾病诊断与统计手册》第5版人格量表，以测量敌对性和怀疑性。此外，他们进行了独裁者博弈（从他人那里拿走的钱越多表明亲社会行为越少）和信任博弈（选择确定选项而非信任选项表明信任度越低）。我们进行了线性回归模型来检验在独裁者博弈中敌对性是否与亲社会行为相关，以及进行了逻辑回归模型来检验怀疑性是否能预测在信任博弈中对确定选项的选择。
如假设的那样，在独裁者博弈中，较高水平的敌对性与较少的亲社会行为相关。其余假设未得到支持，因为在信任博弈中，怀疑性与选择确定选项的可能性没有显著关联。对参与者对确定选项金额估计的探索性分析表明，信任博弈中的实验操纵是成功的。
关于敌对性和亲社会行为的结果与先前使用人格障碍分类系统或研究非病理性人格特质的研究结果一致。讨论了怀疑性未产生显著效应的潜在解释，包括确定选项收益的规模和范围较小，以及博弈的匿名性可能阻止了怀疑特质的表现。需要进行更高风险且互动伙伴已知的未来研究，以进一步探究怀疑性的影响。
