Kanazawa Satoshi
a Department of Management , London School of Economics and Political Science , London , United Kingdom.
Biodemography Soc Biol. 2018 Apr-Jun;64(2):114-122. doi: 10.1080/19485565.2018.1490884.
Positive psychologists have observed, based on large cross-cultural data, that "most people are happy" and "life is pretty meaningful." Evolutionary and behavior genetic considerations suggest, however, that the human tendency to hold "extreme" opinions significantly above or below the scale midpoint may be more universal. Analyses of all relevant questions in the 2014 General Social Survey ( = 266 questions and 2,538 respondents) and Wave 6 of the World Values Survey ( = 138 questions and 79,805 respondents in 59 countries) show that, no matter what question one asks anywhere in the world, humans hold "extreme" opinions in nearly all (94.6%) cases, and the observed effect is both highly statistically significant (mean = 29.44) and large (mean = .80).
积极心理学家基于大量跨文化数据观察到，“大多数人是幸福的”且“生活相当有意义”。然而，从进化和行为遗传学的角度考虑，人类持有显著高于或低于量表中点的“极端”观点的倾向可能更为普遍。对2014年综合社会调查中的所有相关问题（共266个问题，2538名受访者）以及世界价值观调查第6波（共138个问题，来自59个国家的79805名受访者）的分析表明，无论在世界上的哪个地方问什么问题，人类在几乎所有（94.6%）情况下都持有“极端”观点，而且观察到的效应在统计学上具有高度显著性（均值=29.44）且效应量很大（均值=0.80）。
