Celada Roldan Carmen, Tarraga Marcos M Loreto, Madrona Marcos Fatima, Solera Albero Juan, Salmeron Rios Raul, Celada Rodriguez Angel, Panisello Royo Josefa M, Tárraga López Pedro J
Gerencia de Cartagena, Murcia, España.
Hospital Clínico, Zaragoza, España.
Clin Investig Arterioscler. 2019 Sep-Oct;31(5):210-217. doi: 10.1016/j.arteri.2019.03.005. Epub 2019 Jul 2.
To analyse the relationship between the level of adherence to the Mediterranean diet and the control of cardiovascular risk factors.
A descriptive, observational study was conducted on patients diagnosed with Diabetes Mellitus type 2, with poor blood glucose control and a Body Mass Index greater than 25kg/m. The relationship between the adherence to the Mediterranean diet and cardiovascular risk factors was evaluated before and after education about the Mediterranean diet. The patients were given a questionnaire on the level of adherence to the Mediterranean diet (the Mediterranean diet score), at the beginning of the study and at 6 month after having education about the Mediterranean diet in the Primary Care medical and nursing clinics. An analysis was carried out on the variables including, gender, age, weight, height, and Body Mass Index, as well as the analytical parameters of blood glucose, glycosylated haemoglobin, total, HDL, LDL cholesterol, and triglycerides. The relationship between the primary variable, 'adherence to the Mediterranean diet', and the rest of the variables was calculated before and after the educational intervention.
The initial 'adherence to the Mediterranean diet score' in the questionnaire was relatively low (6.22). Excess weight, as well as to have an elevated Body Mass Index are associated with a lower adherence to the Mediterranean diet, as well as low adherence to treatment (P<.00 and P<.02, respectively). The values of HDL cholesterol values increased with greater adherence (P<.04). Elevated LDL and total cholesterol are associated with a lower adherence to the Mediterranean diet (P<.01 and P<.05, respectively), similar to that of elevated triglycerides (P<.00). Elevated baseline blood glucose levels are also associated with low adherence to the Mediterranean diet (P<.04), as well as the increase in glycosylated haemoglobin (P<.06). Thus the cardiovascular risk increases with low adherence (P<.08). After the educational intervention, a moderate increase was observed in the adherence to the Mediterranean diet (a score of 6.84) as well as a notable improvement in the control of the cardiovascular risk factors.
Adherence to the Mediterranean diet is associated with improved control of cardiovascular risk factors.
分析地中海饮食依从水平与心血管危险因素控制之间的关系。
对诊断为2型糖尿病、血糖控制不佳且体重指数大于25kg/m的患者进行了一项描述性观察研究。在接受地中海饮食教育前后，评估地中海饮食依从性与心血管危险因素之间的关系。在初级保健医疗和护理诊所，于研究开始时以及接受地中海饮食教育6个月后，让患者填写一份关于地中海饮食依从水平的问卷（地中海饮食评分）。对包括性别、年龄、体重、身高和体重指数在内的变量，以及血糖、糖化血红蛋白、总胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇和甘油三酯的分析参数进行了分析。在教育干预前后，计算了主要变量“地中海饮食依从性”与其他变量之间的关系。
问卷中最初的“地中海饮食依从性评分”相对较低（6.22）。超重以及体重指数升高与地中海饮食依从性较低以及治疗依从性较低相关（分别为P<0.00和P<0.02）。高密度脂蛋白胆固醇值随着依从性的提高而增加（P<0.04）。低密度脂蛋白和总胆固醇升高与地中海饮食依从性较低相关（分别为P<0.01和P<0.05），甘油三酯升高情况类似（P<0.00）。基线血糖水平升高也与地中海饮食依从性较低相关（P<0.04），糖化血红蛋白升高情况也如此（P<0.06）。因此，依从性低时心血管风险增加（P<0.08）。教育干预后，观察到地中海饮食依从性有适度提高（评分为6.84），心血管危险因素的控制也有显著改善。
坚持地中海饮食与改善心血管危险因素控制相关。
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