Romero Carissa A, Snow Jacqueline C
Department of Psychology, University of Nevada, Reno.
Department of Psychology, University of Nevada, Reno;
J Vis Exp. 2019 Jun 21(148). doi: 10.3791/59762.
Our knowledge of human object vision is based almost exclusively on studies in which the stimuli are presented in the form of computerized two-dimensional (2-D) images. In everyday life, however, humans interact predominantly with real-world solid objects, not images. Currently, we know very little about whether images of objects trigger similar behavioral or neural processes as do real-world exemplars. Here, we present methods for bringing the real-world into the laboratory. We detail methods for presenting rich, ecologically-valid real-world stimuli under tightly-controlled viewing conditions. We describe how to match closely the visual appearance of real objects and their images, as well as novel apparatus and protocols that can be used to present real objects and computerized images on successively interleaved trials. We use a decision-making paradigm as a case example in which we compare willingness-to-pay (WTP) for real snack foods versus 2-D images of the same items. We show that WTP increases by 6.6% for food items displayed as real objects versus high-resolution 2-D colored images of the same foods -suggesting that real foods are perceived as being more valuable than their images. Although presenting real object stimuli under controlled conditions presents several practical challenges for the experimenter, this approach will fundamentally expand our understanding of the cognitive and neural processes that underlie naturalistic vision.
我们对人类客体视觉的了解几乎完全基于这样的研究，即刺激是以计算机二维（2-D）图像的形式呈现的。然而，在日常生活中，人类主要与现实世界中的实体物体而非图像进行互动。目前，我们对于物体图像是否会引发与现实世界中的样本类似的行为或神经过程知之甚少。在此，我们介绍了将现实世界引入实验室的方法。我们详细阐述了在严格控制的观看条件下呈现丰富、具有生态效度的现实世界刺激的方法。我们描述了如何紧密匹配真实物体及其图像的视觉外观，以及可用于在连续交错试验中呈现真实物体和计算机图像的新颖设备和方案。我们以决策范式为例，比较了对真实休闲食品与相同物品的二维图像的支付意愿（WTP）。我们发现，与相同食物的高分辨率二维彩色图像相比，以真实物体形式展示的食品的支付意愿提高了6.6%，这表明真实食物被认为比其图像更有价值。尽管在受控条件下呈现真实物体刺激给实验者带来了一些实际挑战，但这种方法将从根本上扩展我们对自然视觉背后的认知和神经过程的理解。
