Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom; email:
MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom.
Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol. 2019 Oct 6;35:523-542. doi: 10.1146/annurev-cellbio-100818-125204. Epub 2019 Jul 5.
In spite of the high metabolic cost of cellular production, the brain contains only a fraction of the neurons generated during embryonic development. In the rodent cerebral cortex, a first wave of programmed cell death surges at embryonic stages and affects primarily progenitor cells. A second, larger wave unfolds during early postnatal development and ultimately determines the final number of cortical neurons. Programmed cell death in the developing cortex is particularly dependent on neuronal activity and unfolds in a cell-specific manner with precise temporal control. Pyramidal cells and interneurons adjust their numbers in sync, which is likely crucial for the establishment of balanced networks of excitatory and inhibitory neurons. In contrast, several other neuronal populations are almost completely eliminated through apoptosis during the first two weeks of postnatal development, highlighting the importance of programmed cell death in sculpting the mature cerebral cortex.
尽管细胞产生需要很高的代谢成本，但大脑只包含胚胎发育过程中产生的神经元的一小部分。在啮齿动物大脑皮层中，第一波程序性细胞死亡在胚胎阶段激增，主要影响祖细胞。第二波更大的波在出生后早期发育期间展开，最终决定皮质神经元的最终数量。发育中的皮层中的程序性细胞死亡特别依赖于神经元活动，并以特定的细胞特异性方式展开，具有精确的时间控制。锥体神经元和中间神经元以同步的方式调整它们的数量，这对于建立兴奋和抑制神经元的平衡网络可能至关重要。相比之下，在出生后两周内，其他几个神经元群体几乎通过细胞凋亡完全消除，这凸显了程序性细胞死亡在塑造成熟大脑皮层中的重要性。
