Department of Psychology (Biological Psychology, Clinical Psychology, and Psychotherapy), University of Würzburg, Germany.
CPE Institute of Cardiology, Multan, Pakistan.
Br J Health Psychol. 2019 Nov;24(4):828-846. doi: 10.1111/bjhp.12381. Epub 2019 Jul 9.
Low emotional intelligence (EI) may predispose individuals to applying maladaptive coping strategies. This may maintain anxious worrying, which is highly prevalent in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) and may affect mental (MCS) and physical component summaries (PCS) of health-related quality of life (HRQoL).
The current study is a cross-sectional and cross-cultural survey.
N = 200 outpatients with CHF were recruited at cardiology institutes in Germany and Pakistan and assessed with self-report questionnaires.
Path analysis (χ (4) = 7.59, p = .11, GFI = .99) revealed that the expected associations between low EI and lower SF-36 MCS and PCS of HRQoL were fully mediated by negative metacognition and maladaptive coping in the Pakistani sample (p's ≤ .05). The German sample applied different maladaptive coping strategies, which also led to lower MCS and PCS scores, but did not mediate a direct positive effect of EI on HRQoL.
The current findings support culture-independent validity of the metacognitive model but also reveal major cultural differences regarding the application and effect of specific maladaptive coping strategies. This has important implications for caregivers in a cross-cultural context and highlights the need for culture-specific tailoring of psychosocial interventions. Statement of contribution What is already known on this subject? Worry, an integral component of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and highly comorbid in chronic heart failure (CHF) patients, contributes to anxiety and resulting stress as evident from metacognitive model of GAD. In addition, previous literature has also established the protective role of emotional intelligence (EI) against stress, thus maintaining quality of life. What does this study add? Cross-cultural (Pakistan vs. Germany) validation of the metacognitive model of GAD. Supportive evidence for the metacognitive model in patients with CHF. Mediation of maladaptive metacognitions and negative coping in the relationship of low trait EI and low health-related quality of life.
低情绪智力（EI）可能使个体倾向于采用适应不良的应对策略。这可能会维持焦虑性担忧，这种担忧在慢性心力衰竭（CHF）患者中非常普遍，并且可能影响健康相关生活质量（HRQoL）的心理（MCS）和身体成分综合评分（PCS）。
本研究是一项横断面和跨文化调查。
在德国和巴基斯坦的心脏病学研究所招募了 200 名 CHF 门诊患者，并使用自我报告问卷进行评估。
路径分析（χ（4）= 7.59，p =.11，GFI =.99）显示，在巴基斯坦样本中，低 EI 与 SF-36 HRQoL 的 MCS 和 PCS 较低之间的预期关联完全通过负性元认知和适应不良的应对方式来介导（p 值 ≤.05）。德国样本采用了不同的适应不良应对策略，这也导致了 MCS 和 PCS 评分较低，但没有中介 EI 对 HRQoL 的直接正向影响。
本研究结果支持元认知模型的文化独立性有效性，但也揭示了特定适应不良应对策略的应用和影响方面的重大文化差异。这对跨文化环境中的护理人员具有重要意义，并强调了针对特定文化的心理社会干预措施的必要性。
