The Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College London, UK.
James Cook University, Singapore.
Psychol Psychother. 2020 Mar;93(1):1-20. doi: 10.1111/papt.12202. Epub 2018 Oct 28.
Maladaptive interpersonal schemas can trigger distressing emotions and drive dysfunctional behaviour that leads to difficulties in interpersonal relationships and perpetuates the original maladaptive schemas. This study sought to identify patterns of association between trait emotional intelligence (TEI), early maladaptive schemas (EMS), and coping styles in a non-clinical sample. Emotionality profiles were hypothesized to be associated with EMS severity and poorer coping, as early experiences can shape an individual's self-perceptions through reinforcement by maladaptive responses.
Cross-sectional study with 142 undergraduate students.
We obtained self-reports of TEI, coping styles, and EMS.
Disengagement coping was strongly correlated with EMS severity (r = .565, p < .01). TEI was negatively correlated with EMS (r = -.660, p < .01) and Disengagement (r = -.405, p < .01). Emotionality, Impaired Autonomy, and Overvigilance partially mediated the relationship between Disconnection and Emotion-Focused Disengagement. Self-Control fully mediated the relationship between Impaired Limits and Problem-Focused Disengagement.
The findings suggest that lower TEI is associated with the likelihood for maladaptive coping in response to EMS. The preference for certain coping styles associated with a particular domain of EMS may be explained by an individual's perceived metacognitive ability to regulate their stress and emotions. When individuals' needs for love, safety, and acceptance from others are not met, there might be poorer perceived self-efficacies in Emotionality and the tendency to cope through emotional avoidance. Individuals with difficulties establishing internal limits are more likely to respond with problem avoidance, possibly due to deficient distress tolerance. Longitudinal studies with a clinical population are warranted to replicate these findings.
Clinicians will likely find it helpful to consider their clients' TEI to facilitate more individualized formulation and treatment planning, by considering whether related emotional regulation problems might be innate or a deficit in skills Implies the need to do more basic emotional regulation work to supplement and strengthen the established imagery work in schema therapy (ST).
适应不良的人际图式会引发痛苦的情绪，并导致功能失调的行为，从而导致人际关系困难，并使原始的适应不良图式永久存在。本研究旨在确定特质情绪智力（TEI）、早期适应不良图式（EMS）和非临床样本中的应对方式之间的关联模式。情绪特征被假设与 EMS 严重程度和较差的应对方式相关，因为早期经历可以通过适应不良的反应来强化，从而塑造个体的自我认知。
横断面研究，共纳入 142 名本科生。
我们获得了 TEI、应对方式和 EMS 的自我报告。
脱离应对与 EMS 严重程度呈强相关（r=0.565，p<0.01）。TEI 与 EMS（r=-0.660，p<0.01）和脱离（r=-0.405，p<0.01）呈负相关。情感、自主性受损和过度监视部分介导了断开连接和情绪焦点脱离之间的关系。自我控制完全介导了限制受损和问题焦点脱离之间的关系。
研究结果表明，TEI 较低与对 EMS 的适应不良应对方式的可能性相关。与特定 EMS 领域相关的某些应对方式的偏好可能可以通过个体感知到的调节压力和情绪的元认知能力来解释。当个体对他人的爱、安全和接纳的需求得不到满足时，他们在情感方面的自我效能感可能会降低，并且更倾向于通过情感回避来应对。在建立内部限制方面有困难的个体更有可能通过问题回避来应对，可能是由于缺乏痛苦容忍度。需要对临床人群进行纵向研究来复制这些发现。
临床医生可能会发现，考虑到他们的客户的 TEI，通过考虑相关的情绪调节问题是否是天生的或技能缺陷，从而更个性化地进行制定和治疗计划，这将很有帮助。这意味着需要进行更多基本的情绪调节工作，以补充和加强图式治疗（ST）中的既定意象工作。
