Comprehensive Pneumology Centre/Institute of Lung Biology and Disease , Helmholtz Zentrum München , Munich 81377 , Germany.
Department of Spine Surgery and Institute for Orthopaedic Research, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Jinan University Second College of Medicine , The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology , Shenzhen 518020 , China.
ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 2019 Aug 7;11(31):27503-27511. doi: 10.1021/acsami.9b03030. Epub 2019 Jul 23.
Poly(ether ether ketone) (PEEK) is a promising material in biomedical engineering due to its suitable mechanical properties and excellent chemical resistance and biocompatibility. However, the biological inertness of PEEK limits its applications. In this study, we developed a facile approach of immersion to generate a biocompatible and bioactive PEEK that induced osteodifferentiation. First, micropores on the surface of PEEK were introduced by concentrated sulfuric acid and subsequent water immersion, followed by the hydrothermal treatment to reduce residual sulfuric acid. Subsequently, the sulfonated PEEK surface was activated by the oxygen plasma treatment and then coated with a poly(dopamine) (PDA) layer by immersion into the dopamine solution. Finally, the tripeptide Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) was integrated onto the PDA-coated surface of PEEK by immersion into the RGD peptide solution. The surface characteristics (physical chemistry and biological properties) and the ability to form bonelike apatite were systematically investigated by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, water contact angle analysis, the Archimedes' fluid saturation method, ellipsometry, a quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring, cell proliferation, real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis, alizarin red staining, immunocytochemistry staining, and simulated body fluid immersion. Collectively, the modified PEEK showed a significantly improved ability to promote cell proliferation, osteogenic differentiation, and bonelike apatite formation in vitro as compared to the PEEK control. These results demonstrate that combined facile surface modifications for PEEK enhance its bioactivity and biocompatibility, and induce osteodifferentiation. This study presents a strategy for broadening the use of PEEK in the application of orthopedic implants and could be industrially scalable in future.
聚醚醚酮（PEEK）由于其合适的机械性能以及优异的耐化学性和生物相容性，在生物医学工程中是一种很有前途的材料。然而，PEEK 的生物惰性限制了其应用。在这项研究中，我们开发了一种简便的浸入法来制备具有生物相容性和生物活性的 PEEK，从而诱导成骨分化。首先，通过浓硫酸和随后的水浸处理在 PEEK 表面引入微孔，然后进行水热处理以减少残留的硫酸。随后，通过氧等离子体处理对磺化 PEEK 表面进行活化，然后通过浸入多巴胺溶液来涂覆聚多巴胺（PDA）层。最后，通过浸入 RGD 肽溶液将三肽 Arg-Gly-Asp（RGD）整合到 PDA 涂覆的 PEEK 表面上。通过扫描电子显微镜、X 射线光电子能谱、水接触角分析、阿基米德流体饱和法、椭圆光度法、石英晶体微天平耗散监测、细胞增殖、实时逆转录聚合酶链反应分析、茜素红染色、免疫细胞化学染色和模拟体液浸泡，系统地研究了表面特性（物理化学和生物学性质）和形成类骨质磷灰石的能力。总的来说，与 PEEK 对照相比，改性 PEEK 显示出显著提高的促进细胞增殖、成骨分化和体外类骨质磷灰石形成的能力。这些结果表明，PEEK 的简便表面改性组合增强了其生物活性和生物相容性，并诱导了成骨分化。本研究为拓宽 PEEK 在骨科植入物应用中的应用提供了一种策略，并且在未来可能具有工业可扩展性。
