Department of Experimental Pneumology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany.
Innate Immun. 2019 Aug;25(6):326-336. doi: 10.1177/1753425918821732.
Since the first description of dendritic cells by Steinman and Cohn in 1973, this important cell type has gained increasing attention. Over 4000 papers have been published on this topic annually during the last few years. At the beginning, dendritic cells were recognized for their immune stimulatory properties and their importance in initiating an adaptive immune response. Later, it was found that dendritic cells do not only initiate but also regulate immune responses. This attribute makes the so-called regulatory dendritic cells highly important for the prevention of exaggerated immune responses. Immune cells make contact with different Ags every day and must be tightly controlled to prevent excessive inflammation and subsequent organ destruction, particularly in organs such as the gut and lungs. Here, we give a brief overview of our current knowledge on how immune responses are controlled by dendritic cells, highlighting how they are involved in the induction of peripheral tolerance. We focus on what is known about these processes in the lung, with a closer look at their role in the induction and control of diseases such as bronchial asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and lung infections. Finally, we summarize some current approaches to modulate the behavior of dendritic cells that may hopefully lead to future therapeutics to control exaggerated immune responses.
自斯坦曼和科恩 1973 年首次描述树突状细胞以来，这种重要的细胞类型越来越受到关注。在过去的几年中，每年都有超过 4000 篇关于这个主题的论文发表。起初，树突状细胞因其免疫刺激特性及其在启动适应性免疫反应中的重要性而被认识。后来发现，树突状细胞不仅启动，而且调节免疫反应。这种特性使得所谓的调节性树突状细胞对于预防过度免疫反应非常重要。免疫细胞每天与不同的抗原接触，必须受到严格控制，以防止过度炎症和随后的器官破坏，特别是在肠道和肺部等器官。在这里，我们简要概述了我们目前对树突状细胞如何控制免疫反应的了解，重点介绍了它们如何参与诱导外周耐受。我们关注的是已知的这些过程在肺中的作用，更仔细地观察它们在诱导和控制支气管哮喘、慢性阻塞性肺疾病和肺部感染等疾病中的作用。最后，我们总结了一些目前调节树突状细胞行为的方法，这些方法有望为控制过度免疫反应的未来治疗方法提供帮助。
