Nutritional Epidemiology Observatory, Department of Social and Applied Nutrition, Institute of Nutrition Josué de Castro, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, CCS, Bloco, J2-sala 29, Cidade Universitária-Ilha Do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil.
Escola de Matemática Aplicada, Fundação Getúlio Vargas, Praia de Botafogo 190, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 22250-900, Brazil.
Eur J Nutr. 2020 Aug;59(5):1999-2009. doi: 10.1007/s00394-019-02049-7. Epub 2019 Jul 10.
Little is known about the effects of leptin and leptin receptor polymorphisms on lipid changes during pregnancy. The aims of this study were to evaluate the associations between the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of leptin and leptin receptor genes and the lipid concentrations during pregnancy; and to test whether dietary intake is a mediator in these associations.
A prospective cohort of 154 pregnant women was followed up in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil during the following gestational periods: 5-13th, 20-26th and 30-36th weeks. HDL-C, total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) were measured by the enzymatic colorimetric method, and LDL-C was calculated. DNA was extracted by the phenol-chloroform method, and leptin (G2548A, rs7799039) and leptin receptor SNPs (Q223R; rs1137101 and K109R; rs1137100) were genotyped using real-time PCR. Statistical analyses included linear mixed-effect models.
Women with the AA genotype of G2548A polymorphism reported a higher fat and total energy intake and had a higher increase in TG concentration during pregnancy than women with AG or GG genotype. The association between G2548A SNP and TG concentrations was not attenuated by adjusting for total lipid (g) and energy (kcal) intake. We did not observe significant associations between the Q223R and K109R SNPs and the lipid concentrations.
Women homozygous for the A allele of the leptin SNP (G2548A) had a higher increase in TG concentrations per gestational week compared with women with the AG or GG genotype. This is an exploratory and hypothesis-generating study, and the results need confirmation in studies with larger sample sizes.'
关于瘦素和瘦素受体多态性对妊娠期间脂质变化的影响知之甚少。本研究的目的是评估瘦素和瘦素受体基因的单核苷酸多态性（SNP）与妊娠期间血脂浓度之间的关系；并检验饮食摄入是否是这些关联的中介因素。
在巴西里约热内卢，对 154 名孕妇进行了前瞻性队列研究，随访时间分别为妊娠第 5-13 周、20-26 周和 30-36 周。采用酶比色法测定高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）、总胆固醇（TC）和甘油三酯（TG），并计算低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）。采用酚-氯仿法提取 DNA，采用实时 PCR 技术对瘦素（G2548A，rs7799039）和瘦素受体 SNP（Q223R；rs1137101 和 K109R；rs1137100）进行基因分型。统计分析采用线性混合效应模型。
G2548A 多态性的 AA 基因型女性报告的脂肪和总能量摄入较高，且在妊娠期间 TG 浓度升高幅度较大，高于 AG 或 GG 基因型女性。调整总脂质（g）和能量（kcal）摄入后，G2548A 单核苷酸多态性与 TG 浓度之间的关联并未减弱。我们未观察到 Q223R 和 K109R SNP 与血脂浓度之间存在显著关联。
与 AG 或 GG 基因型女性相比，瘦素 SNP（G2548A）的 A 等位基因纯合女性每妊娠周 TG 浓度升高幅度更高。这是一项探索性和产生假说的研究，需要在更大样本量的研究中进一步证实。
