Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
J Glob Antimicrob Resist. 2020 Mar;20:135-144. doi: 10.1016/j.jgar.2019.06.022. Epub 2019 Jul 8.
High-level aminoglycoside, ampicillin and vancomycin resistance and virulence genes among enterococcal isolates collected from healthy middle-school children in Ardabil, Iran, during 2016 were investigated.
Totally, 305 faecal specimens were collected. Isolates underwent antimicrobial susceptibility testing, virulence gene detection and molecular typing.
Totally, 409 enterococcal isolates were collected, comprising Enterococcus faecium (235; 57.5%), Enterococcus faecalis (56; 13.7%) and other Enterococcus spp. (118; 28.9%). Overall, 71 (17.4%), 11 (2.7%) and 10 (2.4%) isolates were identified as high-level streptomycin-resistant (HLSR), high-level gentamicin-resistant (HLGR) and ampicillin-resistant (AR), respectively. Among HLSR isolates, 40 (56.3%), 5 (7.0%) and 26 (36.6%) were E. faecium, E. faecalis and other Enterococcus spp., respectively. Among HLGR isolates 4 (36.4%) and 7 (63.6%) and among AR isolates 7 (70.0%) and 3 (30.0%) were E. faecium and other Enterococcus spp., respectively. Accordingly, 21.6%, 3.6% and 3.3% of subjects were colonised with HLSR, HLGR and AR Enterococcus spp. Carriage of HLGR, HLSR and AR isolates was associated with prior antibiotic consumption (P≤0.05). Additionally, male sex and antacid consumption were associated with AR enterococcal carriage. Moreover, 69 (97.2%), 10 (90.9%) and 9 (90.0%) of HLSR, HLGR and AR isolates were multidrug-resistant, respectively. No vancomycin-resistant enterococci were detected. ERIC-PCR revealed high genetic diversity among isolates. gelE and asa1 were major virulence genes both in E. faecalis and E. faecium. Presence of gelE was associated with HLSR and HLGR phenotypes (P≤0.05).
Community intestinal carriage of HLSR enterococci was high; however, carriage of HLGR and AR enterococci was low.
调查 2016 年伊朗阿尔达比勒市健康中学生肠道分离的肠球菌高水平氨基糖苷类、氨苄西林和万古霉素耐药性和毒力基因。
共采集 305 份粪便标本。分离株进行抗菌药物敏感性试验、毒力基因检测和分子分型。
共采集 409 株肠球菌，包括屎肠球菌（235 株；57.5%）、粪肠球菌（56 株；13.7%）和其他肠球菌（118 株；28.9%）。总的来说，71 株（17.4%）、11 株（2.7%）和 10 株（2.4%）分离株被鉴定为高水平链霉素耐药（HLSR）、高水平庆大霉素耐药（HLGR）和氨苄西林耐药（AR）。在 HLSR 分离株中，40 株（56.3%）、5 株（7.0%）和 26 株（36.6%）分别为屎肠球菌、粪肠球菌和其他肠球菌。HLGR 分离株中 4 株（36.4%）和 7 株（63.6%），AR 分离株中 7 株（70.0%）和 3 株（30.0%）均为屎肠球菌和其他肠球菌。因此，21.6%、3.6%和 3.3%的受试者定植了 HLSR、HLGR 和 AR 肠球菌。HLGR、HLSR 和 AR 分离株的携带与抗生素使用史有关（P≤0.05）。此外，男性和抗酸剂使用与 AR 肠球菌携带有关。此外，69 株（97.2%）、10 株（90.9%）和 9 株（90.0%）的 HLSR、HLGR 和 AR 分离株均为多重耐药株。未检出万古霉素耐药肠球菌。ERIC-PCR 显示分离株具有较高的遗传多样性。gelE 和 asa1 是粪肠球菌和屎肠球菌的主要毒力基因。gelE 的存在与 HLSR 和 HLGR 表型有关（P≤0.05）。
社区肠球菌高水平氨基糖苷类耐药菌携带率较高，而高水平庆大霉素和氨苄西林耐药菌携带率较低。
