从人和环境来源中分离的粪肠球菌和屎肠球菌中与抗菌生物杀灭剂敏感性和耐受性相关的基因。
Antimicrobial Biocides Susceptibility and Tolerance-Associated Genes in Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium Isolates Collected from Human and Environmental Sources.
机构信息
Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.
出版信息
Curr Microbiol. 2022 Apr 27;79(6):170. doi: 10.1007/s00284-022-02858-w.
Enterococci are among the most common causes of nosocomial infections worldwide. Antimicrobial biocides are extensively used to control the growth of microorganisms on different surfaces. The purpose of this study was to determine the susceptibility of Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium isolates collected in Iran to biocide agents, formaldehyde (FOR), benzalkonium chloride (BZC), triclosan (TRE), and chlorhexidine digluconate (CHDG). Additionally, the frequency of biocide tolerance-associated (BTA) genes, qacA/B, qacED1, emeA, sigV and gasp65 were investigated. In this study, 222 isolates of E. faecalis and 425 isolates of E. faecium from clinical and non-clinical sources were investigated. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of biocide agents was determined using agar dilution method. Biocides epidemiological cutoff values (ECOFFs) were determined using 95% rule. BTA genes were identified using PCR testing. ECOFFs for CHDG, BZC, TRE and FOR were 8 µg/mL, 16 µg/mL, 32 µg/mL and 512 µg/mL for both species, respectively. MIC values showed that the distribution of isolates with high level of tolerance to antimicrobial biocides was clearly different, depending on ecological niches. The BTA genes, qacA/B, qacED1, emeA, sigV and gasp65 were detected in 19.4% (43), 19.8% (44), 42.8% (95), 89.6% (199) and 70.2% (156) of E. faecalis and 10.3% (44), 17.2% (73), 27.8% (118), 42.2% (188) and 82.8% (352) of E. faecium isolates, respectively. Based on the distribution pattern of BTA genes 14 and 18 different profiles were identified for E. faecalis and E. faecium isolates respectively. Generally, the isolates carrying at least a single BTA gene showed higher MIC against all biocides compared to isolates with no BTA genes. However, there were no clear association between MIC values and carrying particular BTA genes profile. The results of this study showed that CHDG was the most effective biocide against E. faecalis and E. faecium isolates. The data presented in current study can be used to define the biocides resistance breakpoints.
肠球菌是全球医院感染最常见的原因之一。抗菌消毒剂被广泛用于控制不同表面微生物的生长。本研究的目的是确定从伊朗收集的粪肠球菌和屎肠球菌分离株对消毒剂甲醛（FOR）、苯扎氯铵（BZC）、三氯生（TRE）和葡萄糖酸氯己定（CHDG）的敏感性。此外，还研究了与消毒剂耐药相关（BTA）基因 qacA/B、qacED1、emeA、sigV 和 gasp65 的频率。在这项研究中，从临床和非临床来源调查了 222 株粪肠球菌和 425 株屎肠球菌分离株。使用琼脂稀释法测定消毒剂的最低抑菌浓度（MIC）。使用 95%规则确定消毒剂流行病学截断值（ECOFF）。使用 PCR 检测鉴定 BTA 基因。CHDG、BZC、TRE 和 FOR 的 ECOFF 分别为 8µg/mL、16µg/mL、32µg/mL 和 512µg/mL，适用于两种菌。MIC 值表明，高耐抗菌消毒剂的分离株的分布明显不同，这取决于生态位。BTA 基因 qacA/B、qacED1、emeA、sigV 和 gasp65 在粪肠球菌中的检出率分别为 19.4%（43 株）、19.8%（44 株）、42.8%（95 株）、89.6%（199 株）和 70.2%（156 株），屎肠球菌的检出率分别为 10.3%（44 株）、17.2%（73 株）、27.8%（118 株）、42.2%（188 株）和 82.8%（352 株）。根据 BTA 基因的分布模式，粪肠球菌和屎肠球菌分离株分别鉴定出 14 种和 18 种不同的图谱。一般来说，与无 BTA 基因的分离株相比，携带至少一个 BTA 基因的分离株对所有消毒剂的 MIC 更高。然而，MIC 值与携带特定 BTA 基因图谱之间没有明显的关联。本研究结果表明，CHDG 是对抗粪肠球菌和屎肠球菌分离株最有效的消毒剂。目前研究中提供的数据可用于定义消毒剂耐药的临界点。
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