University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Department of Psychology, Ardabil 5619911367, Iran.
School of Health and Social Care, Teesside University, Middlesbrough TS1 3BA, UK.
Medicina (Kaunas). 2019 Jul 10;55(7):363. doi: 10.3390/medicina55070363.
To explore the association between weight status and executive function in young adults. Ninety-seven young males (age 17-26 years) underwent adiposity and body composition measurements using body composition analyzer. Inhibitory control and working memory were measured using the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Battery (CANTAB). Multiple linear regression using both unadjusted and adjusted analyses revealed no association between adiposity and body composition variables with executive tasks, apart from a significant association between skeletal muscle mass (SMM) and mean reaction time on go trial (standardized = -0.28; = 0.02). Multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) revealed that underweight participants presented inferior working memory compared to their normal weight ( = 0.001) or overweight peers ( = 0.008). However, according to the percentage fat quartiles (Q) participants with the highest quartile (Q4) were inferior in inhibitory control than their peers with Q2 ( = 0.04), and participants with the lowest quartile (Q1) were inferior in working memory compared with their peers with Q2 ( = 0.01) or Q3 ( = 0.02). A worse inhibitory control was observed for participants with the highest fat/SMM (Q4) compared to participants in Q3 ( = 0.03), and in contrast worse working memory was observed for participants with the lowest fat/SMM (Q1) compared to participants in Q2 ( = 0.04) or Q3 ( = 0.009). Low adiposity is associated with worse working memory, whereas high adiposity is associated with worse inhibitory control. Therefore, our findings show that normal adiposity, but greater SMM may have a positive impact on executive function in young adults.
探讨年轻成年人的体重状况与执行功能之间的关系。97 名年轻男性（年龄 17-26 岁）接受了身体成分分析仪的肥胖和身体成分测量。使用剑桥神经心理学测试电池（CANTAB）测量了抑制控制和工作记忆。使用未调整和调整后的多元线性回归分析，除了骨骼肌质量（SMM）与 Go 试验的平均反应时间之间存在显著关联（标准化 = -0.28；p = 0.02）外，肥胖和身体成分变量与执行任务之间没有关联。协方差的多变量分析（MANCOVA）显示，与正常体重或超重参与者相比，体重不足参与者的工作记忆较差（p = 0.001）。然而，根据脂肪百分比四分位数（Q），Q4 组参与者的抑制控制比 Q2 组参与者差（p = 0.04），Q1 组参与者的工作记忆比 Q2 组参与者差（p = 0.01）或 Q3 组参与者差（p = 0.02）。与 Q3 组参与者相比，脂肪/SMM 最高的 Q4 组参与者的抑制控制更差（p = 0.03），而脂肪/SMM 最低的 Q1 组参与者的工作记忆比 Q2 组参与者差（p = 0.04）或 Q3 组参与者差（p = 0.009）。因此，我们的研究结果表明，正常的肥胖程度，但更大的 SMM 可能对年轻成年人的执行功能产生积极影响。
