Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA.
Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA; Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Human Toxicology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
Neurosci Lett. 2019 Sep 14;709:134368. doi: 10.1016/j.neulet.2019.134368. Epub 2019 Jul 9.
Development of the brain prenatally is affected by maternal experience and exposure. Prenatal maternal psychological stress changes brain development and results in increased risk for neuropsychiatric disorders. In this review, multiple levels of prenatal stress mechanisms (offspring brain, placenta, and maternal physiology) are discussed and their intersection with cellular stress mechanisms explicated. Heat shock factors and oxidative stress are closely related to each other and converge with the inflammation, hormones, and cellular development that have been more deeply explored as the basis of prenatal stress risk. Increasing evidence implicates cellular stress mechanisms in neuropsychiatric disorders associated with prenatal stress including affective disorders, schizophrenia, and child-onset psychiatric disorders. Heat shock factors and oxidative stress also have links with the mechanisms involved in other kinds of prenatal stress including external exposures such as environmental toxicants and internal disruptions such as preeclampsia. Integrative understanding of developmental neurobiology with these cellular and physiological mechanisms is necessary to reduce risks and promote healthy brain development.
胎儿期的大脑发育受到母体经历和暴露的影响。产前母体心理压力会改变大脑发育，增加神经精神疾病的风险。在这篇综述中，讨论了多种产前应激机制（后代大脑、胎盘和母体生理学）及其与细胞应激机制的交叉，并阐述了它们的关系。热休克因子和氧化应激密切相关，它们与炎症、激素和细胞发育相互交织，这些都是作为产前应激风险基础而被更深入探讨的。越来越多的证据表明，细胞应激机制与与产前应激相关的神经精神疾病有关，包括情感障碍、精神分裂症和儿童期起病的精神障碍。热休克因子和氧化应激也与其他类型的产前应激（如环境毒物等外部暴露和子痫前期等内部紊乱）相关的机制有关。为了降低风险和促进健康的大脑发育，有必要将发育神经生物学与这些细胞和生理机制相结合进行综合理解。
