Rajasekar Geetha, Muliyil Divya Elizabeth, Cherian Anne George, Prasad Jasmin Helen, Mohan Venkata Raghava
Assistant Professor, Department of Community Medicine, K.A.P. Viswanatham Government Medical College, Trichirapalli, Tamil Nadu; *Corresponding Author.
Assistant Professor, Department of Community Health, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu.
J Assoc Physicians India. 2019 Apr;67(4):42-47.
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) has been well documented to be associated with significant mortality and morbidity among both mother and their offspring. Prevalence of GDM in India varies between regions and has been documented to be on the rise over the last two decades which is a public health concern and reflects an increase in the frequency of type 2 diabetes mellitus in these populations. This study aimed at estimating the prevalence of GDM among antenatal women attending a rural secondary care hospital in southern India and attempts to study associations between anthropometry, parental history, physical activity of pregnant women and GDM.
A hospital based cross sectional study was done among 630 pregnant women who were screened with oral glucose tolerance test between 24 and 28 weeks of gestation based on IADPSG criteria. Risk factors for developing GDM were assessed by conducting home visits to 75 women diagnosed to have GDM and 150 randomly selected women without GDM.
Hospital based prevalence of GDM was 14% (95 % CI: 11.3% to 16.7%) and a significant rise in prevalence levels was noted with age. Women with family history of diabetes mellitus, women with body fat of more than 23% had 2.65 and 2.89 times significantly higher odds of developing GDM. Interpretation and conclusion: Family history of diabetes and excess body fat are risk factors associated with GDM. Among them excess body fat could be an independent risk factor without the influence of foetal weight and preventive measures could be directed towards it.
妊娠糖尿病（GDM）与母亲及其后代的显著死亡率和发病率相关，这已得到充分证实。印度不同地区的GDM患病率有所不同，且在过去二十年中呈上升趋势，这是一个公共卫生问题，反映出这些人群中2型糖尿病发病率的增加。本研究旨在估计印度南部一家农村二级护理医院产前妇女的GDM患病率，并试图研究人体测量学、家族史、孕妇身体活动与GDM之间的关联。
基于医院进行了一项横断面研究，对630名孕妇进行了研究，这些孕妇在妊娠24至28周时根据国际糖尿病与妊娠研究组（IADPSG）标准接受了口服葡萄糖耐量试验筛查。通过对75名被诊断为GDM的妇女和150名随机选择的非GDM妇女进行家访，评估发生GDM的危险因素。
基于医院的GDM患病率为14%（95%可信区间：11.3%至16.7%），且患病率随年龄显著上升。有糖尿病家族史的妇女、体脂超过23%的妇女发生GDM的几率分别显著高出2.65倍和2.89倍。解读与结论：糖尿病家族史和体脂过多是与GDM相关的危险因素。其中，体脂过多可能是一个独立危险因素，不受胎儿体重影响，可针对其采取预防措施。
