Structural Insights into Rotavirus Entry.

To initiate infection, non-enveloped viruses must recognize a target cell and penetrate the cell membrane by pore formation or membrane lysis. Rotaviruses are non-enveloped dsRNA viruses that infect the mature intestinal epithelium. They are major etiologic agents of diarrheal disease in human infants, as well as in young individuals of various avian and mammalian species. Rotavirus entry into the cell is a complex multistep process initiated by the interaction of the tip of the viral spike with glycan ligands at the cell surface, and driven by conformational changes of the proteins present in the outer protein capsid, the viral machinery for entry. This review feeds on the abundant structural information produced for rotavirus during the past 30 years and focuses on the structure and the dynamics of the rotavirus entry machinery. We survey the current models for rotavirus entry into cells.