Young Researchers and Elite Club, Lahijan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Lahijan, Iran.
School of Food Science, University of Idaho, 875 Perimeter Dr., MS 2312, Moscow, ID, 83844, USA.
Carbohydr Polym. 2019 Oct 15;222:114992. doi: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.114992. Epub 2019 Jun 13.
Four operating parameters in ultrasound-microwave assisted extraction (UMAE) process including sonication time (ST, 10-30 min), microwave power (MP, 300-600 W), irradiation time (IT, 5-15 min), and the liquid to solid ratio (LSR, 10-30 mL/g) on the extraction yield of pectin from fig skin were optimized. The yield (13.97%) of pectin with an average molecular mass of 6.89 × 10 kDa was maximized at 21.35 min ST, 580.9 W MP, 11.67 min IT, and 24.66 mL/g LSR based on a second-order polynomial model (R = 0.986) with a high level of significance (p < 0.0001). Field emission-scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) imaging and Fourier transform-infrared (FTIR) spectra of the pectin extracted under optimal conditions exhibited a disintegrated network in structural morphology and the main functional groups, respectively. The extracted low-methoxyl pectin (DE = 33.65%) with high lightness contained considerable amounts of uronic acids and neutral monosaccharides (glucose, fucose, arabinose, galactose, rhamnose, and mannose). A strong dose-depended behavior for antioxidant functions and cytotoxic inhibitory activities of pectin against HepG2 and A549 cells was found.
超声-微波辅助提取（UMAE）过程中的四个操作参数（超声时间（ST，10-30 min）、微波功率（MP，300-600 W）、辐照时间（IT，5-15 min）和液固比（LSR，10-30 mL/g））对无花果皮中果胶的提取产率进行了优化。在 21.35 min ST、580.9 W MP、11.67 min IT 和 24.66 mL/g LSR 的条件下，果胶的提取产率（13.97%）达到最大值，其平均分子量为 6.89×10 kDa，这是基于二次多项式模型（R=0.986）得到的，具有很高的显著性（p<0.0001）。在最佳条件下提取的果胶的场发射扫描电子显微镜（FE-SEM）成像和傅里叶变换红外（FTIR）光谱分别显示出结构形态和主要功能基团的解体网络。提取的低甲氧基果胶（DE=33.65%）具有较高的亮度，含有相当数量的糖醛酸和中性单糖（葡萄糖、岩藻糖、阿拉伯糖、半乳糖、鼠李糖和甘露糖）。发现果胶的抗氧化功能和对 HepG2 和 A549 细胞的细胞毒性抑制活性与剂量呈强依赖性关系。
