Nzivo M M, Lwembe R M, Odari E O, Kang'ethe J M, Budambula N L M
Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Kenya.
Centre for Virus Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kenya.
Interdiscip Perspect Infect Dis. 2019 Jun 20;2019:5345161. doi: 10.1155/2019/5345161. eCollection 2019.
The prevalence of Human Herpes Virus type 8 (HHV-8), Human Immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and syphilis is high in Sub-Saharan Africa. Studies on HHV-8 in Kenya are few and data on its coinfection with HIV and syphilis scanty. This cross-sectional study among female sex workers (FSWs) in Malindi, Kenya, aimed to determine the prevalence of HHV-8, HIV, and syphilis mono/coinfections and identify associated risk factors. A total of 268 FSWs consented and were administered a structured questionnaire and screened for antibodies against HHV-8, HIV, and syphilis following the National Guidelines. FSWs positive for HHV-8 were 67/268 (25%), HIV 44/268 (16.4%), and 6/268 (2.24%) for syphilis. Eight out of 67 (12%) tested positive for HHV-8/HIV and 2/67 (3%) for HHV-8/syphilis coinfections. Married FSWs had higher odds of HHV-8 infection (OR 2.90, 95%, and =0.043). Single marital status was inversely associated (OR 0.46, 95% CI 0.23-0.94, and =0.034) with HIV infection. HIV was associated with increasing age (OR 14.79, <0.001), inconsistent condom use (OR 2.69, =0.004), increased duration as sex worker ≥6 (OR 3.0, 0.002) and clients ≥4 (OR 4.0, 0.001), intravenous drug use (OR 2.5, =0.043), and early sex debut (0.049) unlike HHV-8 which was not associated with high risk sexual behavior. HHV-8/HIV coinfection was associated with increasing age (OR 11.21, =0.027). Infection by HHV-8 was not significantly associated with HIV (OR 0.62; =0.257) or syphilis (OR 1.52; =0.636). There was a high likelihood of infection with HHV-8 compared to HIV (OR 8.6, =0.014) and syphilis (OR 14.6, <0.001). The lack of association of HHV-8 with high risk sexual behavior suggests that sexual transmission may not play a significant role in transmission of HHV-8 among FSWs in Malindi.
在撒哈拉以南非洲，人疱疹病毒8型（HHV - 8）、人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）和梅毒的流行率很高。肯尼亚关于HHV - 8的研究较少，其与HIV和梅毒合并感染的数据也很匮乏。这项针对肯尼亚马林迪女性性工作者（FSW）的横断面研究旨在确定HHV - 8、HIV和梅毒单一感染/合并感染的流行率，并识别相关风险因素。共有268名FSW同意参与研究，她们接受了一份结构化问卷，并按照国家指南接受了针对HHV - 8、HIV和梅毒抗体的筛查。HHV - 8检测呈阳性的FSW有67/268（25%），HIV检测呈阳性的有44/268（16.4%），梅毒检测呈阳性的有6/268（2.24%）。67名HHV - 8检测呈阳性者中有8名（12%）HHV - 8/HIV合并感染检测呈阳性，2名（3%）HHV - 8/梅毒合并感染检测呈阳性。已婚FSW感染HHV - 8的几率更高（比值比2.90，95%，P = 0.043）。单身婚姻状况与HIV感染呈负相关（比值比0.46，95%可信区间0.23 - 0.94，P = 0.034）。HIV感染与年龄增长相关（比值比14.79，P <0.001）、不坚持使用避孕套（比值比2.69，P = 0.004）、从事性工作时间≥6年（比值比3.0，P = 0.002）以及有≥4名客户（比值比4.0，P = 0.001）、静脉吸毒（比值比2.5，P = 0.043）和初次性行为较早（P = 0.049）有关，而HHV - 8与高危性行为无关。HHV - 8/HIV合并感染与年龄增长相关（比值比11.21，P = 0.027）。HHV - 8感染与HIV（比值比0.62；P = 0.257）或梅毒（比值比1.52；P = 0.636）无显著关联。与HIV（比值比8.6，P = 0.014）和梅毒（比值比14.6，P <0.001）相比，HHV - 8感染的可能性更高。HHV - 8与高危性行为缺乏关联表明，性传播可能在马林迪FSW中HHV - 8的传播中不起重要作用。
