Minhas Veenu, Wood Charles
Nebraska Center for Virology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska, Morrison Center, 4240 Fair Street, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA.
Viruses. 2014 Nov 4;6(11):4178-94. doi: 10.3390/v6114178.
This review summarizes the current knowledge pertaining to Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) epidemiology and transmission. Since the identification of KSHV twenty years ago, it is now known to be associated with Kaposi's sarcoma (KS), primary effusion lymphoma, and multicentric Castleman's disease. Many studies have been conducted to understand its epidemiology and pathogenesis and their results clearly show that the worldwide distribution of KSHV is uneven. Some geographical areas, such as sub-Saharan Africa, the Mediterranean region and the Xinjiang region of China, are endemic areas, but Western Europe and United States have a low prevalence in the general population. This makes it imperative to understand the risk factors associated with acquisition of infection. KSHV can be transmitted via sexual contact and non-sexual routes, such as transfusion of contaminated blood and tissues transplants, or via saliva contact. There is now a general consensus that salivary transmission is the main route of transmission, especially in children residing in endemic areas. Therefore, there is a need to better understand the sources of transmission to young children. Additionally, lack of animal models to study transmission, gold standard serological assay and the lack of emphasis on endemic KS research has hampered the efforts to further delineate KSHV transmission in order to design effective prevention strategies.
本综述总结了目前有关卡波西肉瘤相关疱疹病毒（KSHV）流行病学及传播的知识。自二十年前发现KSHV以来，现已明确其与卡波西肉瘤（KS）、原发性渗出性淋巴瘤及多中心性Castleman病相关。已开展了许多研究以了解其流行病学及发病机制，其结果清楚表明KSHV在全球的分布并不均匀。一些地理区域，如撒哈拉以南非洲、地中海地区及中国新疆地区，是流行区，但西欧和美国普通人群中的患病率较低。这使得了解与感染获得相关的危险因素变得势在必行。KSHV可通过性接触及非性途径传播，如输注污染血液及组织移植，或通过唾液接触传播。目前已普遍达成共识，唾液传播是主要传播途径，尤其是在流行区居住的儿童中。因此，有必要更好地了解幼儿的传播源。此外，缺乏用于研究传播的动物模型、金标准血清学检测方法以及对地方性KS研究的重视不足，阻碍了进一步明确KSHV传播以设计有效预防策略的努力。
