Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Catania University, Catania, Italy.
Environmental and Food Hygiene Laboratories (LIAA) - Department of Medical, Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", Catania University, Catania, Italy.
Environ Res. 2019 Oct;177:108573. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.108573. Epub 2019 Jul 2.
Environmental pollution is an important modifiable determinant for preventing cardiovascular diseases. Acute exposure to air pollution is linked to severe adverse cardiovascular events, including venous thromboembolism risk. The adverse health effects seem to arise from blood-borne metals and transition metal components from exposure to particulate matter that, when breathed, passes through the lungs into the heart and the blood stream. Pollution affects health via mechanisms including oxidative stress and inflammation, and metals may have a detrimental effect on both the blood cells, particularly platelets, and circulation. Some evidences demonstrates atherotrombotic consequences of acute and chronic exposure to air pollution, but few studies have examined exposure effects on the prothrombotic biomarkers leading to venous thromboembolism. Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) methodology, we performed a systematic review (14 papers) of the past twelve years, focusing on the relationship between inhalable airborne metal exposures and coagulative biomarker disorders leading to lower limb venous thromboembolisms, e.g., deep vein thrombosis. Results support the hypothesis that exposure to inhalable metals, as elemental compounds in particulate matter, cause changes or activation of a number of human prothrombotic hemostatic biomarkers.
环境污染是预防心血管疾病的一个重要可改变决定因素。急性暴露于空气污染与严重的不良心血管事件有关，包括静脉血栓栓塞的风险。不良健康影响似乎源于血液中的金属和来自于颗粒物质的过渡金属成分，这些成分在被吸入时，通过肺部进入心脏和血液。污染通过氧化应激和炎症等机制影响健康，而金属可能对血细胞（特别是血小板）和循环系统都有不利影响。一些证据表明，急性和慢性暴露于空气污染会导致动脉血栓形成的后果，但很少有研究检查过暴露对导致静脉血栓栓塞的促血栓形成生物标志物的影响。我们按照系统评价和荟萃分析的首选报告项目（PRISMA）方法，对过去十二年的 14 篇论文进行了系统综述，重点研究了可吸入空气金属暴露与导致下肢静脉血栓栓塞（如深静脉血栓形成）的凝血生物标志物紊乱之间的关系。结果支持这样一种假设，即作为颗粒物质中元素化合物的可吸入金属会引起许多人类促血栓形成止血生物标志物的变化或激活。
