Urogenital Stem Cell Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Technology, Shahid Beheshti University G.C., Tehran, Iran.
Biomed Pharmacother. 2020 Nov;131:110703. doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110703. Epub 2020 Sep 2.
Bladder cancer (BC) comprises 3% of all cancers and is particularly common in the developed countries. Early diagnosis is an important necessity in improvement of BC prognosis, as patients' outcome is significantly different between muscle invasive BC (MIBC) and non-muscle invasive BC cases. This cancer is resulted from an intricate interaction between genetic and environmental factors. Recent studies have identified microRNAs (miRNAs) as potential modulators of carcinogenic potential of BC cells. These small transcripts regulate expression of target genes mostly through binding with their 3' untranslated regions. Expression of several oncomiRs has been increased in BC tissues, peripheral blood or urine samples of these patients. These miRNAs promote oncogenic potential of BC through modulation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition or PI3K/AKT, JAK/STAT and NF-κB/Snail signaling pathways. Besides, a number of tumor suppressive miRNAs have been down-regulated in BC samples leading to enhanced proliferation, invasiveness and metastasis of these cells. TGFβ1, Akt, MAPK, MET/SMAD3/SNAIL, MAPK1/Slug/vimentin and Wnt7a/β-catenin pathways and axes are among molecular targets of these miRNAs. Aberrant expressions of miRNAs in biofluids of patients with BC have potentiated them as molecular markers for prediction of disease course. In the current review, we provided a summary of studies which reported aberrant expression of miRNAs and their implications in the diagnosis or prognosis of patients with BC.
膀胱癌（BC）占所有癌症的 3%，在发达国家尤为常见。早期诊断是改善 BC 预后的重要必要条件，因为浸润性膀胱癌（MIBC）和非浸润性膀胱癌病例患者的预后有显著差异。这种癌症是遗传和环境因素复杂相互作用的结果。最近的研究表明 microRNAs（miRNAs）是膀胱癌细胞致癌潜力的潜在调节剂。这些小转录物主要通过与它们的 3'非翻译区结合来调节靶基因的表达。几种致癌 miRNAs 在 BC 组织、这些患者的外周血或尿液样本中表达增加。这些 miRNAs 通过调节上皮-间充质转化或 PI3K/AKT、JAK/STAT 和 NF-κB/Snail 信号通路，促进 BC 的致癌潜力。此外，许多肿瘤抑制 miRNAs 在 BC 样本中下调，导致这些细胞增殖、侵袭和转移增强。TGFβ1、Akt、MAPK、MET/SMAD3/Snail、MAPK1/Slug/vimentin 和 Wnt7a/β-catenin 通路和轴是这些 miRNAs 的分子靶标之一。BC 患者生物流体中 miRNA 的异常表达使它们成为预测疾病进程的分子标志物。在当前的综述中，我们总结了报道 miRNA 异常表达及其在 BC 患者诊断或预后中的意义的研究。
