Department of Chemistry, Centre for Analysis and Synthesis at Lund University Diabetes Centre, Lund University, Sweden.
Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Unit of Molecular Metabolism, at Lund University Diabetes Centre, Clinical Research Center, Malmö University Hospital, Lund University, Sweden.
J Mol Biol. 2020 Mar 6;432(5):1429-1445. doi: 10.1016/j.jmb.2019.07.020. Epub 2019 Jul 17.
The islets of Langerhans harbor multiple endocrine cell types that continuously respond to circulating nutrient levels in order to adjust their secretion of catabolic and anabolic hormones. Stimulus-secretion coupling in these cells is largely of metabolic nature; that is, metabolism of nutrient fuels yields signals that trigger and amplify secretion of hormones. Hence, metabolism in this micro-organ is in a major way in control of whole-body metabolism. Therefore, insights into islet metabolism are critical to understand how secretion of insulin is regulated and why it is perturbed in type 2 diabetes. Metabolomics aims at characterizing a wide spectrum of metabolites in cells, tissues and body fluids. For this reason, this technique is well suited to supply information on stimulus-secretion coupling. Here, we summarize metabolomics studies in islets and β-cells, highlight important discoveries that would have been difficult to make without this technology but also raise awareness of challenges and bottlenecks that curtail its use in metabolic research.
胰岛内含有多种内分泌细胞类型，它们持续响应循环营养水平，以调节其分解代谢和合成代谢激素的分泌。这些细胞的刺激-分泌偶联在很大程度上是代谢性质的；也就是说，营养燃料的代谢产生触发和放大激素分泌的信号。因此，这个微型器官中的代谢在很大程度上控制着全身代谢。因此，深入了解胰岛代谢对于理解胰岛素分泌是如何调节的以及为什么在 2 型糖尿病中受到干扰至关重要。代谢组学旨在对细胞、组织和体液中的广泛代谢物进行特征分析。出于这个原因，这项技术非常适合提供关于刺激-分泌偶联的信息。在这里，我们总结了胰岛和β细胞中的代谢组学研究，强调了如果没有这项技术就很难取得的重要发现，但也意识到了限制其在代谢研究中应用的挑战和瓶颈。
