College of Health and Human Sciences, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT 0810, Australia.
Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, 11 Kirinari St, Bruce, ACT 2617, Australia.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2019 Jul 20;16(14):2594. doi: 10.3390/ijerph16142594.
Recognition of projected increases in exposure to large-scale hazard events over the coming decades has identified a need to develop how disaster risk reduction and recovery are conceptualized and enacted. This paper discusses some strategies for pursing this goal in both disaster recovery and preparedness settings. The approaches discussed include understanding how communities learn from their hazardous experiences and transform these lessons into beliefs, relationships and capabilities that build future adaptive capacity. The paper draws on examples of transformative learning that illustrate how people can make fundamental shifts in how they think about, prepare for and respond to environmental challenge and change. Regarding transformation in pre-event settings, the paper first discusses why the addition of transformative strategies to disaster risk reduction programs is required. These include a need for rethinking socio-environmental relationships, increasing risk acceptance in the context of evolving hazardscapes, and countering beliefs regarding not preparing. The paper then offers strategies for motivating transformation and consolidating the outcomes of transformation in pre-event disaster risk reduction (DRR) strategies. A preliminary model that could inform the development of research questions on the development of transformative outcomes and their consolidation in enduring adaptive processes is presented.
认识到未来几十年大规模灾害事件暴露程度的预计增加，已经确定需要制定如何将减少灾害风险和恢复的概念和实施方式。本文讨论了在灾害恢复和备灾环境中追求这一目标的一些策略。所讨论的方法包括了解社区如何从其危险经验中学习，并将这些经验教训转化为信念、关系和能力，从而建立未来的适应能力。本文借鉴了一些变革性学习的例子，说明了人们如何在应对环境挑战和变化时从根本上改变他们的思维方式、准备方式和应对方式。关于备灾阶段的变革，本文首先讨论了为何需要将变革性战略纳入灾害风险减少方案中。这些原因包括需要重新思考社会-环境关系，在不断演变的灾害环境中增加风险承受能力，以及反对不做准备的观念。本文接着提出了在备灾阶段的灾害风险减少（DRR）战略中激发变革和巩固变革成果的策略。提出了一个初步模型，该模型可以为制定关于变革性成果的发展及其在持久适应过程中的巩固的研究问题提供信息。
