School of Science, RMIT University (Bundoora Campus), PO Box 71, Bundoora, VIC, 3083, Australia.
School of Biomedical Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW, 2650, Australia.
Mycopathologia. 2020 Feb;185(1):175-185. doi: 10.1007/s11046-019-00363-6. Epub 2019 Jul 22.
Toenail onychomycosis caused by dermatophytes is a significant medical and financial worldwide burden. Relatively scant research has been undertaken as to the predominant species and strains causing this condition in Australia, which is a unique isolated continent with diverse geographical, climatic and population regions. Four regions were selected in Eastern Australia: Far North Queensland, Rural Victoria, Melbourne Metropolitan and Tasmania. From each of these areas, communal nail dust bags from podiatric physicians' work were collected and analysed. A total of 32 dust bags were collected: 10 from Far North Queensland, 8 from Melbourne Metropolitan, 8 from Rural Victoria and 6 from Tasmania. Dermatophyte test medium was used to isolate dermatophytes from the dust, and the colonies were subcultured to Potato Dextrose Agar. Of the bags collected, in total 69% were positive for dermatophytes: 40% from Far North Queensland, 75% from Melbourne Metropolitan, 88% from Rural Victoria and 83% from Tasmania. The internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of ribosomal DNA was used to identify and compare isolates. A total of 148 dermatophyte strains were identified. The predominant species isolated was Trichophyton interdigitale (125 isolates), which was found in all four regions. This species was further subdivided into four ITS genotypes: the first two were present in all regions, but the third was found only in the Melbourne Metropolitan area and the fourth only in Tasmania. Only one strain of Trichophyton rubrum was found and only in Rural Victoria. Eighteen isolates of Arthroderma quadrifidum were cultured from Rural Victoria and Tasmania and were further classified into three ITS genotypes. Some isolates rarely reported in clinical material were identified as Paraphyton cookei, Arthroderma tuberculatum and Arthroderma crocatum. A potentially new species of Arthroderma was also found in Melbourne Metropolitan. These findings reveal a unique dermatophyte fingerprint in toenails for Eastern Australia.
甲真菌病是一种由真菌引起的疾病，它在全球范围内给医疗和财政带来了巨大的负担。相对而言，澳大利亚对引起这种疾病的主要菌种和菌株的研究较少，澳大利亚是一个独特的孤立大陆，拥有多样化的地理、气候和人口区域。在澳大利亚东部选择了四个地区：北昆士兰、维多利亚农村、墨尔本大都市和塔斯马尼亚。从这些地区的每个地区收集了公共趾甲灰尘袋从足病医生的工作中收集并进行了分析。共收集了 32 个灰尘袋：10 个来自北昆士兰，8 个来自墨尔本大都市，8 个来自维多利亚农村，6 个来自塔斯马尼亚。用真菌测试培养基从灰尘中分离出真菌，然后将菌落接种到土豆葡萄糖琼脂上。在所收集的袋子中，共有 69%的袋子对真菌呈阳性：北昆士兰 40%，墨尔本大都市 75%，维多利亚农村 88%，塔斯马尼亚 83%。核糖体 DNA 的内部转录间隔区（ITS）用于鉴定和比较分离物。共鉴定出 148 株真菌。分离出的主要菌种是趾间型毛癣菌（125 株），在四个地区都有发现。该物种进一步细分为四个 ITS 基因型：前两个存在于所有地区，但第三个仅存在于墨尔本大都市地区，第四个仅存在于塔斯马尼亚。仅在维多利亚农村发现了一株红色毛癣菌。在维多利亚农村和塔斯马尼亚从 18 株 Arthroderma quadrifidum 中培养出来，并进一步分为三个 ITS 基因型。从维多利亚农村和塔斯马尼亚分离出的一些罕见的临床标本被鉴定为 Paraphyton cookei、Arthroderma tuberculatum 和 Arthroderma crocatum。在墨尔本大都市还发现了一种可能的新的 Arthroderma 物种。这些发现揭示了澳大利亚东部独特的趾甲真菌指纹。
