Laakso Timo, Davids Keith, Liukkonen Jarmo, Travassos Bruno
Department of Sport Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland.
Centre for Sports Engineering Research, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, United Kingdom.
Front Psychol. 2019 Jul 3;10:1407. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01407. eCollection 2019.
This study analyzed the spatial-temporal interactions that sustained 2-vs-1 contexts in football at different field locations near the goal. Fifteen male players (under 15 years, age 13.2 ± 1.03 years, years of practice 4.2 ± 1.10 years), 5 defenders, 7 midfielders, and 3 attackers, participated in the study. Each participant performed a game to simulate a 2-vs-1 sub-phase as a ball carrier, second attacker, and defender at three different field locations, resulting in a total number of 142 trials. The movements of participants in each trial were recorded and digitized with TACTO software. Values of interpersonal distance between the ball carrier and defender and interpersonal angles between players and between the goal target, defender, and ball carrier were calculated. The results revealed a general main effect of field location. Generally, the middle zone revealed the lowest values of interpersonal distance and angle between players and the right zone and the highest values of interpersonal distance between players and interpersonal angle between players and the goal. Related with participants' roles, defenders revealed subtle differences as attackers on interpersonal distances and relative angles compared with midfielders and attackers. Findings supported that field location is a key constraint of players' performance and that players' role constraint performance effectiveness in football.
本研究分析了在靠近球门的不同场地位置维持足球比赛中2对1局面的时空互动情况。15名男性球员（年龄在15岁以下，平均年龄13.2 ± 1.03岁，训练年限4.2 ± 1.10年），其中5名后卫、7名中场球员和3名前锋参与了该研究。每位参与者在三个不同的场地位置分别作为持球者、第二进攻者和防守者进行一场模拟2对1子阶段的比赛，总共进行了142次试验。使用TACTO软件记录并数字化了每次试验中参与者的动作。计算了持球者与防守者之间的人际距离值，以及球员之间、球门目标、防守者和持球者之间的人际角度值。结果显示场地位置存在总体主效应。一般来说，中间区域球员之间的人际距离和角度值最低，右侧区域球员之间的人际距离以及球员与球门之间的人际角度值最高。与参与者的角色相关，与中场球员和前锋相比，后卫在人际距离和相对角度方面作为进攻者表现出细微差异。研究结果支持场地位置是球员表现的关键限制因素，并且球员角色会限制足球比赛中的表现效果。
