Gesbert Vincent, Durny Annick, Hauw Denis
Institute of Sport Sciences, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, University of LausanneLausanne, Switzerland.
"Movement Sport Health" Laboratory (EA1234), University of Rennes 2Rennes, France.
Front Psychol. 2017 May 26;8:854. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00854. eCollection 2017.
This study examined how individual team members adjust their activity to the needs for collective behavior. To do so, we used an enactive phenomenological approach and explored how soccer players' lived experiences were linked to the active regulation of team coordination during eight offensive transition situations. These situations were defined by the shift from defensive to offensive play following a change in ball possession. We collected phenomenological data, which were processed in four steps. First, we reconstructed the diachronic and synchronic dynamics of the players' lived experiences across these situations in order to identify the units of their activity. Second, we connected each player's units of activity side-by-side in chronological order in order to identify the collective units. Each connection was viewed as a collective regulation mode corresponding to which and how individual units were linked at a given moment. Third, we clustered each collective unit using the related objectives within three modes of regulation-local (L), global (G), and mixed (M). Fourth, we compared the occurrences of these modes in relation to the observable key moments in the situations in order to identify typical patterns. The results indicated four patterns of collective regulation modes. Two distinct patterns were identified without ball possession: reorganize the play formation (G and M) and adapt to the actions of putting pressure on the ball carrier (M). Once the ball was recovered, two additional patterns emerged: be available to get the ball out of the recovery zone (L) and shoot for the goal (L and M). These results suggest that team coordination is a fluctuating phenomenon that can be described through the more or less predictable chaining between these patterns. They also highlight that team coordination is supported by several modes of regulation, including our proposal of a new mode of interpersonal regulation. We conclude that future research should investigate the effect of training on the enaction of this mode in competition.
本研究考察了团队成员如何根据集体行为的需求调整自己的活动。为此，我们采用了具身现象学方法，探讨了足球运动员的生活体验如何与进攻转换过程中团队协调的积极调节相关联，此过程共涉及八个进攻转换情境。这些情境的定义是在球权转换后从防守转为进攻。我们收集了现象学数据，并分四个步骤进行处理。首先，我们重构了球员在这些情境中的历时性和共时性动态生活体验，以确定其活动单元。其次，我们按时间顺序将每个球员的活动单元并列连接起来，以确定集体单元。每一个连接都被视为一种集体调节模式，对应着特定时刻个体单元的连接方式。第三，我们根据三种调节模式（局部调节（L）、全局调节（G）和混合调节（M））中的相关目标对每个集体单元进行聚类。第四，我们将这些模式的出现情况与情境中可观察到的关键时刻进行比较，以确定典型模式。结果显示了四种集体调节模式。在无球状态下确定了两种不同模式：重新组织比赛阵型（G和M）以及适应对持球者施压的动作（M）。一旦球权夺回，又出现了另外两种模式：随时准备将球带出夺回区域（L）以及射门得分（L和M）。这些结果表明，团队协调是一种波动现象，可以通过这些模式之间或多或少可预测的连锁反应来描述。它们还强调，团队协调受到多种调节模式的支持，包括我们提出的一种新的人际调节模式。我们得出结论，未来的研究应调查训练对这种模式在比赛中的具身化的影响。
