Science for Life Laboratory, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, SE-17121 Stockholm, Sweden.
Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK.
Nutrients. 2019 Jul 12;11(7):1578. doi: 10.3390/nu11071578.
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is caused by the imbalance between lipid deposition and lipid removal from the liver, and its global prevalence continues to increase dramatically. NAFLD encompasses a spectrum of pathological conditions including simple steatosis and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), which can progress to cirrhosis and liver cancer. Even though there is a multi-disciplinary effort for development of a treatment strategy for NAFLD, there is not an approved effective medication available. Single or combined metabolic cofactors can be supplemented to boost the metabolic processes altered in NAFLD. Here, we review the dosage and usage of metabolic cofactors including l-carnitine, Nicotinamide riboside (NR), l-serine, and -acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) in human clinical studies to improve the altered biological functions associated with different human diseases. We also discuss the potential use of these substances in treatment of NAFLD and other metabolic diseases including neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases of which pathogenesis is linked to mitochondrial dysfunction.
非酒精性脂肪性肝病 (NAFLD) 是由肝脏内脂质沉积和脂质清除之间的失衡引起的，其全球患病率继续显著增加。NAFLD 包括一系列病理状况，包括单纯性脂肪变性和非酒精性脂肪性肝炎 (NASH)，后者可进展为肝硬化和肝癌。尽管已经有针对 NAFLD 治疗策略的多学科努力，但仍没有批准有效的药物。可以补充单一或联合的代谢因子，以促进 NAFLD 中改变的代谢过程。在这里，我们综述了代谢因子包括左旋肉碱、烟酰胺核糖 (NR)、丝氨酸和 N-乙酰-L-半胱氨酸 (NAC) 在人体临床研究中的剂量和用法，以改善与不同人类疾病相关的改变的生物学功能。我们还讨论了这些物质在治疗 NAFLD 和其他代谢疾病中的潜在用途，包括神经退行性疾病和心血管疾病，其发病机制与线粒体功能障碍有关。
