Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA.
J Am Coll Nutr. 2020 Feb;39(2):155-162. doi: 10.1080/07315724.2019.1621229. Epub 2019 Jul 24.
The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of poor iron status in young athletes throughout the stages of iron deficiency and assess sex differences with iron deficiency in relation to growth and development and dietary intake. A cross-sectional analysis evaluated young male and female athletes ( = 91) between the ages 8 and 16 years. Anthropometric assessments, body composition, dietary intakes, and blood samples measuring ferritin, soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR), and hemoglobin (Hb) were examined. Prevalence was calculated as percentages, and independent samples tests examined sex differences. Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient analyses quantified relationships among variables for the composite sample and each sex separately. Iron depletion (low ferritin) was present in 65% and 86%, low iron levels (sTfR) in 51% and 68%, and anemia (low Hb) in 46% and 53% of the males and females, respectively. As iron deficiency progressed from low ferritin to high sTfR to anemia, prevalence decreased in both sexes, but always remained higher in females. Males were greater than females for weight, arm muscle size, and ferritin concentrations, while females were greater than males for biological maturity ( ≤ 0.05). Dietary iron intake was moderately to highly correlated ( = 0.543-0.723, ≤ 0.05) with growth and development in females, but not males. Prevalence of poor iron status was higher than expected, particularly in adolescent females. Since rapid growth combined with sports participation may create high demands for iron bioavailability, emphasis may need to be placed on dietary iron intake for young athletes, particularly females.
本研究旨在确定缺铁各个阶段年轻运动员铁状况不良的发生率，并评估与生长发育和饮食摄入相关的缺铁的性别差异。横断面分析评估了 8 至 16 岁的年轻男性和女性运动员（ = 91）。进行了人体测量评估、身体成分、饮食摄入以及测量铁蛋白、可溶性转铁蛋白受体（sTfR）和血红蛋白（Hb）的血液样本。以百分比计算患病率，并通过独立样本 t 检验检查性别差异。皮尔逊积矩相关系数分析量化了复合样本和每个性别之间变量之间的关系。铁耗竭（低铁蛋白）分别存在于 65%和 86%、低铁水平（sTfR）分别存在于 51%和 68%、贫血（低 Hb）分别存在于 46%和 53%的男性和女性中。随着缺铁从低铁蛋白进展到高 sTfR 再到贫血，男女患病率均下降，但女性始终更高。男性在体重、手臂肌肉大小和铁蛋白浓度方面大于女性，而女性在生物成熟度（ ≤ 0.05）方面大于男性。女性的饮食铁摄入量与生长发育呈中度至高度相关（ = 0.543-0.723， ≤ 0.05），而男性则没有。铁状况不良的患病率高于预期，尤其是在青少年女性中。由于快速生长加上参加运动可能对铁生物利用度提出很高的要求，因此年轻运动员，特别是女性运动员可能需要特别注意饮食中铁的摄入量。
