Department of Chemical Sciences (formerly Applied Chemistry), University of Johannesburg, P. O. Box 17011, Doornfontein 2028, Johannesburg, South Africa.
Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, P. O. Box 17011, Doornfontein 2028, Johannesburg, South Africa.
Molecules. 2019 Jul 23;24(14):2669. doi: 10.3390/molecules24142669.
The synthesis and application of porphyrins has seen a huge shift towards research in porphyrin bio-molecular based systems in the past decade. The preferential localization of porphyrins in tumors, as well as their ability to generate reactive singlet oxygen and low dark toxicities has resulted in their use in therapeutic applications such as photodynamic therapy. However, their inherent lack of bio-distribution due to water insolubility has shifted research into porphyrin-nanomaterial conjugated systems to address this challenge. This has broadened their bio-applications, viz. bio-sensors, fluorescence tracking, in vivo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and positron emission tomography (PET)/CT imaging to photo-immuno-therapy just to highlight a few. This paper reviews the unique theranostic role of porphyrins in disease diagnosis and therapy. The review highlights porphyrin conjugated systems and their applications. The review ends by bringing current challenges and future perspectives of porphyrin based conjugated systems and their respective applications into light.
在过去的十年中，卟啉的合成和应用已经发生了巨大的转变，研究重点转向了基于卟啉生物分子的系统。卟啉在肿瘤中的优先定位，以及它们产生活性单重态氧和低暗毒性的能力，使得它们在光动力疗法等治疗应用中得到了应用。然而，由于其水溶性差而导致的内在缺乏生物分布，促使研究转向卟啉-纳米材料缀合系统来解决这一挑战。这拓宽了它们的生物应用，例如生物传感器、荧光追踪、体内磁共振成像（MRI）和正电子发射断层扫描（PET）/CT 成像，仅突出了其中的几个。本文综述了卟啉在疾病诊断和治疗中的独特治疗作用。该综述强调了卟啉缀合系统及其应用。最后，本文介绍了基于卟啉的缀合系统及其各自应用的当前挑战和未来展望。
