From the Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Nationwide Children's Hospital; and the Department of Plastic Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center.
Plast Reconstr Surg. 2019 Aug;144(2):298e-305e. doi: 10.1097/PRS.0000000000005875.
The prevalence of burnout is increasing among all physicians, including plastic surgeons. Burnout is not simply synonymous with being overworked. It is a complex physical, intellectual, and psychological entity that arises when the expectation and reality of the job do not match. In this article, the authors' goal is to define burnout, summarize its causes and consequences, and offer the plastic surgeons methods to prevent and address it.
A literature search of articles on burnout in medicine was performed. Articles that were relevant were selected, and were qualitatively analyzed to answer our questions on the definition, prevalence, causes, consequences, and treatments of burnout.
Sixty-five relevant articles were included. The prevalence of burnout among physicians ranges between 29 and 55 percent. Risk factors for physician burnout include increased workload and call, junior academic rank, and fair physician health. There is significant overlap among burnout, depression, and substance abuse, and suicide is much more common among physicians than among the general population. Preventing burnout involves a multiprong approach that addresses the physical, intellectual, and psychological dimensions of the physician.
In this article, concrete steps to prevent and address burnout are presented to plastic surgeons. For physicians, the most important elements for burnout avoidance are the prevention of emotional exhaustion, and the development of professional autonomy and control.
burnout 在所有医生中越来越普遍，包括整形外科医生。 burnout 不仅仅是工作过度的同义词。它是一种复杂的生理、智力和心理实体，当工作的期望和现实不匹配时就会出现。在本文中，作者的目标是定义 burnout，总结其原因和后果，并为整形外科医生提供预防和解决它的方法。
对医学 burnout 相关文献进行了搜索。选择了相关的文章，并对其进行了定性分析，以回答我们关于 burnout 的定义、患病率、原因、后果和治疗的问题。
共纳入 65 篇相关文章。医生 burnout 的患病率在 29%至 55%之间。医生 burnout 的风险因素包括工作量和呼叫增加、初级学术职称和公平的医生健康。 burnout、抑郁和药物滥用之间有显著重叠，医生自杀的比例远高于普通人群。预防 burnout 需要采取多管齐下的方法，解决医生的生理、智力和心理方面的问题。
本文为整形外科医生提出了预防和解决 burnout 的具体步骤。对于医生来说，预防 burnout 最重要的因素是防止情绪疲惫，并发展专业自主性和控制感。
