成年人高脂血症的患病率及其与地中海饮食的关系：希腊国家营养与健康调查（HNNHS）。
Prevalence of hyperlipidaemia in adults and its relation to the Mediterranean diet: the Hellenic National Nutrition and Health Survey (HNNHS).
机构信息
Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Greece.
Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education Harokopio University, Athens, Greece.
出版信息
Eur J Prev Cardiol. 2019 Dec;26(18):1957-1967. doi: 10.1177/2047487319866023. Epub 2019 Jul 26.
OBJECTIVES
A long-term abnormal blood lipid profile increases the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). A probable protective role may be played by the Mediterranean diet. The aim of this study was to assess prevalence of dyslipidaemia, assess blood lipid status and treatment and examine the association between blood lipids, dyslipidaemia and Mediterranean diet.
METHODS
Data were from the Hellenic National Nutrition and Health Survey (HNNHS). Data from 3775 adults (40.8% males) were obtained by trained personnel and disease status was categorized according to the International Classification of Diseases codes (10th version). Blood lipid measurements were obtained from a subsample ( = 1080, mean age 40.1 years; 37.8% male). The Mediterranean diet score (MedDiet score) was calculated from 24-h recalls. The relationships between higher MedDiet score (>23), lipid levels and status were examined using linearized multiple linear and logistic regressions, respectively.
RESULTS
In total, 20.7% of the population was dyslipidaemic, with 59.0% (no sex differences) receiving treatment, and 46.6% of the treated having a normal lipid profile. Lipid status awareness was 35.5% (64.5% unaware). Males aged 19-39 had higher total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides, and lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels than females (in mg/dl; for all <0.05); these were significantly higher in overweight and obese individuals in all age groups, except high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( for all <0.001). Higher MedDiet score was associated with significantly lower low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in the pooled sample (-6.39 mg/dl; 95% confidence interval (CI): -12.60, 0.17), in all males (-10.61 mg/dl; 95% CI: -19.89, -1.34) and in overweight and obese males (-15.6 mg/dl; 95% CI: -29.25, -1.94).
CONCLUSION
This study underlines the abnormal lipid profile in the young, mostly male, population who are highly unaware and under-treated.
目的
长期血脂异常会增加心血管疾病（CVD）的风险。地中海饮食可能具有一定的保护作用。本研究旨在评估血脂异常的患病率，评估血脂状况和治疗情况，并研究血脂、血脂异常与地中海饮食之间的关系。
方法
数据来自希腊国家营养与健康调查（HNNHS）。通过培训人员获得了 3775 名成年人（40.8%为男性）的数据，并根据国际疾病分类（第 10 版）对疾病状况进行了分类。从一个亚样本中获得了血脂测量值（=1080，平均年龄为 40.1 岁；37.8%为男性）。地中海饮食评分（MedDiet 评分）是根据 24 小时回顾法计算得出的。使用线性化多元线性和逻辑回归分别检查较高的 MedDiet 评分（>23）、血脂水平和状态之间的关系。
结果
共有 20.7%的人群血脂异常，其中 59.0%（无性别差异）接受治疗，46.6%的治疗人群血脂正常。血脂状况知晓率为 35.5%（64.5%的人不知情）。19-39 岁的男性总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇和甘油三酯水平高于女性（mg/dl；均<0.05），除高密度脂蛋白胆固醇外，所有年龄组的超重和肥胖个体的这些水平均显著升高（均<0.001）。在合并样本中，较高的 MedDiet 评分与低密度脂蛋白胆固醇显著降低相关（-6.39mg/dl；95%置信区间（CI）：-12.60，0.17），在所有男性中（-10.61mg/dl；95% CI：-19.89，-1.34）和超重和肥胖男性中（-15.6mg/dl；95% CI：-29.25，-1.94）也是如此。
结论
本研究强调了年轻人群（主要为男性）的血脂异常，这些人群血脂异常的知晓率和治疗率均较高。
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