CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, GPO Box 1538, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia.
Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia; Department of Oceanography, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.
Harmful Algae. 2019 Jul;87:101628. doi: 10.1016/j.hal.2019.101628. Epub 2019 Jun 20.
Blooms of the highly toxic dinoflagellate Alexandrium catenella (previously referred to as tamarense group 1) were first detected off eastern Tasmania in 2012 and have since been responsible for incidences of human paralytic shellfish poisoning and extended closures (up to 25 weeks) of mussel, oyster, scallop, abalone and rock lobster industries (up to 150 mg/kg PST in mussels). Investigation of meteorological and oceanographic influences indicate that the annually recurrent winter-spring blooms (June-Oct) occur within a narrow water temperature window (10-15 °C) under two distinct sets of conditions: (1) following high rainfall and land run-off, under relatively light winds; and (2) following periods of anomalously low air temperatures and associated cooling of shallow coastal waters, again under relatively light winds. The common driver of blooms appears to be the development of stratification in coastal waters, via salinity and/or temperature gradients. We propose a framework for evaluating the risk of Alexandrium with the aim of developing a forecasting capability, and compare these environmental conditions with historic data to understand the recent advent of these blooms.
2012 年，东塔斯马尼亚首次检测到剧毒腰鞭毛藻（以前称为塔马氏藻组 1）大量繁殖，此后，这些藻类一直引发人类麻痹性贝类中毒，并导致贻贝、牡蛎、扇贝、鲍鱼和龙虾产业长期关闭（贻贝中 PST 含量高达 150mg/kg）。对气象和海洋影响的调查表明，每年冬季-春季（6 月至 10 月）的大量繁殖发生在一个狭窄的水温范围内（10-15°C），在两种截然不同的条件下：（1）在高降雨量和陆地径流之后，在相对较小的风的情况下；（2）在异常低的空气温度和相关的浅海水冷却之后，同样在相对较小的风的情况下。水华的共同驱动因素似乎是沿海水域通过盐度和/或温度梯度形成分层。我们提出了一个评估亚历山大藻风险的框架，目的是开发预测能力，并将这些环境条件与历史数据进行比较，以了解这些水华的最近出现。
