National Institute of R&D for Biological Sciences, Bucharest, Romania.
National Institute of R&D for Biological Sciences, Bucharest, Romania.
Int J Biol Macromol. 2019 Oct 1;138:854-865. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.07.155. Epub 2019 Jul 25.
Skin wound dressings are commonly used to stimulate and enhance skin tissue repair. Even if wounds seem easy to repair for clinicians and to replicate in an in vitro set-up for scientists, chronic wounds remain currently an open challenge in skin tissue engineering for patients with complementary diseases. The seemingly simple process of skin healing hides a heterogenous sequence of events, specific timing, and high level of organization and coordination among the involved cell types. Taken together, all these aspects make wound healing a unique process, but we are not yet able to completely repair the chronic wounds or to reproduce them in vitro with high fidelity. This review highlights the main characteristics and properties of a natural polymer, which is widely used as biomaterial, namely collagen and of its denatured form, gelatin. Available wound dressings based on collagen/gelatin and proposed variants loaded with bioactive compounds derived from plants are presented. Applications of these composite biomaterials are discussed with emphasis on skin wound healing. A perspective on current issues is given in the light of future research. The emerging technologies support the development of innovative dressings based exclusively on natural constituents, either polymeric or bioactive compounds.
皮肤创伤敷料通常用于刺激和促进皮肤组织修复。即使对于临床医生来说，伤口似乎很容易修复，对于科学家来说，在体外环境中也很容易复制，但对于患有合并症的患者来说，慢性伤口仍然是皮肤组织工程中的一个尚未解决的挑战。皮肤愈合看似简单的过程隐藏着一系列异质的事件、特定的时间以及涉及的细胞类型之间高度的组织和协调。总之，所有这些方面使伤口愈合成为一个独特的过程，但我们还不能完全修复慢性伤口，也不能在体外以高保真度复制它们。这篇综述强调了一种天然聚合物的主要特性和性质，该聚合物广泛用作生物材料，即胶原蛋白及其变性形式明胶。介绍了基于胶原蛋白/明胶及其载有植物来源的生物活性化合物的变体的可用创伤敷料。讨论了这些复合材料的应用，重点是皮肤伤口愈合。根据未来的研究，对当前问题提出了展望。新兴技术支持完全基于天然成分（无论是聚合物还是生物活性化合物）的创新敷料的开发。
