Biology Department, Penn State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA.
Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol. 2019 Nov 1;11(11):a034645. doi: 10.1101/cshperspect.a034645.
Semidwarf stature is a valuable agronomic trait in grain crops that reduces lodging and increases harvest index. A fundamental advance during the 1960s Green Revolution was the introduction of semidwarf cultivars of rice and wheat. Essentially, all semidwarf varieties of rice under cultivation today owe their diminished stature to a specific null mutation in the gibberellic acid (GA) biosynthesis gene, However, it is now well-established that, in addition to GAs, brassinosteroids and strigolactones also control plant height. In this review, we describe the synthesis and signaling pathways of these three hormones as understood in rice and discuss the mutants and transgenics in these pathways that confer semidwarfism and other valuable architectural traits. We propose that such genes offer underexploited opportunities for broadening the genetic basis and germplasm in semidwarf rice breeding.
半矮秆是一种在粮食作物中很有价值的农艺性状，它可以降低倒伏率，提高收获指数。20 世纪 60 年代绿色革命期间的一个重大进展是引入了半矮秆水稻和小麦品种。从本质上讲，当今所有栽培的半矮秆水稻品种都归因于赤霉素（GA）生物合成基因的特定无效突变。然而，现在已经确定，除了 GA 外，油菜素内酯和独脚金内酯也控制着植物的高度。在这篇综述中，我们描述了这些三种激素在水稻中的合成和信号通路，并讨论了这些通路中的突变体和转基因，它们赋予半矮秆和其他有价值的结构性状。我们认为，这些基因提供了在半矮秆水稻育种中拓宽遗传基础和种质资源的未充分利用的机会。
