Wang Yi-Bo, Huang Ping-Qing, DU Yuan-Yuan, Yin Xing-Bin, Dong Xiao-Xu, Ni Jian
School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Beijing 102488, China.
Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Beijing 100029, China.
Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi. 2019 Jun;44(11):2191-2196. doi: 10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20190115.004.
Classical prescriptions are precious wealth left by ancient Chinese medical scientists. Moreover,they are also the important part of the treasure-house in Chinese medicine. Classical prescriptions have a long and rich history for human-use in China and play an important role in keeping people healthy. The state administration of traditional medicine of China published the Catalogue of Classical Prescriptions(first batch) in 2018. This measure has inspired the enthusiasm of Chinese medicine manufacturers to study ancient classical prescriptions and develop classical compound prescriptions. Based on the first batch of classical prescriptions, the dosage forms, sources, prescription components, decocting degree, use of toxic drugs and processing methods of classical prescriptions. The results showed that most of the classical prescriptions in the first batch were decoction and boiled powder,while only four of them were powder and paste forms,all of which were originated from representative classics in the past dynasties. The dosage and decocting degree of decoction were greater than those of boiled powder. The dosage and decocting degree of decoction in Han and Tang Dynasties was close to that in Ming and Qing Dynasties,higher than that in Song and Jin Dynasties. Moreover,the average number of herbs in the prescriptions in Han Dynasty was the smallest. The use of toxic traditional Chinese medicine was the most frequent in Han Dynasty, and Pinellia ternata was the most common toxic medicine. There were various processing methods, including cleansing, cutting, stir-frying, roasting and so on. In this paper, the dosage forms of traditional paste, the time concept of decoction in the ancient times, the traditional roasting method and the processing method of toxic drugs were summarized to provide ideas and reference for further development of classical prescriptions.
经典方剂是中国古代医学家留下的宝贵财富。而且，它们也是中医药宝库的重要组成部分。经典方剂在中国供人使用的历史悠久且丰富，在保障人们健康方面发挥着重要作用。中国国家中医药管理局于2018年发布了《古代经典名方目录》（第一批）。这一举措激发了中药生产企业研究古代经典方剂、开发经典复方制剂的热情。基于第一批经典方剂，对经典方剂的剂型、来源、方剂组成、煎煮程度、有毒药物的使用及炮制方法进行了研究。结果表明，第一批经典方剂中大部分为汤剂和煮散剂，而散剂和膏剂仅有4首，均源自历代代表性经典。汤剂的用量和煎煮程度大于煮散剂。汉唐时期汤剂的用量和煎煮程度与明清时期相近，高于宋金时期。而且，汉代方剂中药物平均数量最少。汉代有毒中药的使用最为频繁，半夏是最常用的有毒药物。炮制方法多样，包括净制、切制、炒制、炙制等。本文对传统膏剂的剂型、古代煎煮的时间观念、传统的炙法及有毒药物的炮制方法进行了总结，为经典方剂的进一步开发提供思路和参考。
