College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China.
State Key Laboratory of Propagation and Cultivation on Medicinal Plants of Guizhou Province, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China.
Molecules. 2019 Jul 29;24(15):2749. doi: 10.3390/molecules24152749.
The genus belongs to the family Apocynaceae, which is composed of approximately ten species of plants according to incomplete statistics. Most of these plants serve as folk medicines with a long history, especially and . The botanical classifications, chemical constituents, biological activities and toxicities of the genus were summarized in the literature from 1897 to early 2019. Though the botanical classification of this genus is controversial, these species are well-known to be rich sources of diverse and complex natural products-above all, cardiac steroids and C pregnane steroids with special structures and obvious pharmacological activities. The various crude extracts and 314 isolated metabolites from this genus have attracted much attention in intensive biological studies, indicating that they are equipped with cardiotonic, anti-inflammatory, immunosuppressive, antitumor, antimicrobial, antioxidant, insecticidal and other properties. It is noteworthy that some cardiac glycosides showed hepatotoxicity and cardiotoxicity at certain doses. Therefore, in view of the medical and agricultural value of the genus , in-depth investigations of the pharmacology in vivo, the mechanisms of biological actions, and the pharmacokinetics of the active ingredients should be carried out in the future. Moreover, in order to ensure the safety of clinical medication, the potential toxicities of cardiac glycosides or other compounds should also be paid attention. This systematic review provides an important reference base for applied research on pharmaceuticals and pesticides from this genus.
属于夹竹桃科，根据不完全统计，该科约有 10 种植物。其中大多数植物作为民间药物具有悠久的历史，特别是 和 。从 1897 年初到 2019 年初的文献中，总结了该属的植物分类学、化学成分、生物活性和毒性。尽管该属的植物分类学存在争议，但这些物种是众所周知的具有丰富多样和复杂天然产物的来源，尤其是具有特殊结构和明显药理活性的强心甾和 C 孕甾烷类化合物。该属的各种粗提取物和 314 种分离的代谢物在密集的生物研究中引起了广泛关注，表明它们具有强心、抗炎、免疫抑制、抗肿瘤、抗菌、抗氧化、杀虫等特性。值得注意的是，某些强心苷在某些剂量下表现出肝毒性和心脏毒性。因此，鉴于该属在医学和农业方面的价值，未来应该对体内药理学、生物作用机制以及活性成分的药代动力学进行深入研究。此外，为了确保临床用药的安全性，还应注意强心苷或其他化合物的潜在毒性。本系统评价为该属的药物和农药应用研究提供了重要的参考依据。
