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气候变化引发的野火和热浪对健康的影响。

Health Effects of Climate Change-induced Wildfires and Heatwaves.

作者信息

Rossiello Michael R, Szema Anthony

机构信息

Preventive Medicine, Three Village Allergy & Asthma, South Setauket, USA.

Allergy and Immunology, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra / Northwell, Stony Brook, USA.

出版信息

Cureus. 2019 May 28;11(5):e4771. doi: 10.7759/cureus.4771.

Abstract

Global warming is a phenomenon that is affecting society in sundry ways. As of 2017, Earth's global surface temperature increased 0.9°C compared to the average temperature in the mid-1900s. Beyond this change in temperature lies significant threats to human health in the form of natural disasters and extreme temperatures. One natural disaster that has been receiving much more attention as of 2010 is the ignition and spread of wildfires. Warmer climates lead to drier conditions, providing ideal kindling for the rapid spread of these infernos. The dangers that these intense fires pose are twofold: first, the fire causes mass property damage, physical harm, or death to the people unfortunate enough to be caught in the blaze; second, the health hazards of smoke inhalation and the emotional strain of losing one's possessions cause immense physical and emotional harm to the fire's victims. Another health hazard that is becoming more common due to global warming is heatwave exposure. The heat provides an ideal environment for certain pathogens to thrive, increases people's risk of developing temperature-related health conditions, and could exacerbate many preexisting diseases. The increase in frequency and intensity of these extreme weather conditions calls for devotion of resources to fire prevention and public health measures related to smoke inhalation and heat exposure.

摘要

全球变暖是一种正以各种方式影响社会的现象。截至2017年,地球全球地表温度相较于20世纪中叶的平均温度上升了0.9摄氏度。除了这种温度变化之外,还存在以自然灾害和极端温度形式对人类健康造成的重大威胁。自2010年以来,野火的点燃和蔓延这种自然灾害受到了更多关注。气候变暖导致气候更加干燥,为这些大火的迅速蔓延提供了理想的火种。这些大火造成的危险有两方面:其一,火灾会对不幸被困在大火中的人们造成大规模财产损失、身体伤害或死亡;其二,吸入烟雾对健康的危害以及失去财产带来的精神压力会对火灾受害者造成巨大的身体和精神伤害。另一种因全球变暖而变得更加常见的健康危害是暴露于热浪之中。高温为某些病原体的滋生提供了理想环境,增加了人们患与温度相关健康问题的风险,并且可能会加剧许多现存疾病。这些极端天气状况的频率和强度增加,需要投入资源用于预防火灾以及与吸入烟雾和暴露于高温相关的公共卫生措施。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/f565/6663060/2da943118085/cureus-0011-00000004771-i01.jpg

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