Am J Epidemiol. 2019 Dec 31;188(12):2078-2085. doi: 10.1093/aje/kwz172.
Tuberculosis (TB) has been a leading infectious cause of death worldwide for much of human history, with 1.6 million deaths estimated in 2017. The Department of Epidemiology at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health has played an important role in understanding and responding to TB, and it has made particularly substantial contributions to prevention of TB with chemoprophylaxis. TB preventive therapy is highly efficacious in the prevention of TB disease, yet it remains underutilized by TB programs worldwide despite strong evidence to support its use in high-risk groups, such as people living with HIV and household contacts, including those under 5 years of age. We review the evidence for TB preventive therapy and discuss the future of TB prevention.
结核病（TB）在人类历史的大部分时间里一直是全球主要的传染病死因，据估计，2017 年有 160 万人死亡。约翰霍普金斯大学彭博公共卫生学院流行病学系在了解和应对结核病方面发挥了重要作用，特别是在化学预防结核病方面做出了特别重大的贡献。结核病预防性治疗在预防结核病发病方面具有很高的疗效，但尽管有强有力的证据支持在高危人群（如艾滋病毒感染者和包括 5 岁以下儿童在内的家庭接触者）中使用，但在全球结核病规划中仍未得到充分利用。我们回顾了结核病预防性治疗的证据，并讨论了结核病预防的未来。
