Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford , CA , USA.
Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford , CA , USA.
Expert Opin Biol Ther. 2019 Nov;19(11):1191-1197. doi: 10.1080/14712598.2019.1650909. Epub 2019 Aug 12.
: Although many current cancer therapies are effective, the mortality rate globally is unacceptably high. Cancer remains the second leading cause of death worldwide after heart disease and has caused nearly 10 million deaths in 2018. Additionally, current preventive therapies for cancer are underdeveloped, undermining the quality of life of high-risk individuals. Therefore, new treatment options for targeting cancer are urgently needed. In a recent study, researchers adopted an autologous iPSC-based vaccine to present a broad spectrum of tumor antigens to the immune system and succeeded in orchestrating a strong prophylactic immunity towards multiple types of cancer in mice. : In this review, we provide an overview of how cancer develops, the role of immune surveillance in cancer progression, the current status and challenges of cancer immunotherapy as well as the genetic overlap between pluripotent stem cells and cancer cells. Finally, we discuss the rationale for an autologous iPSC-based vaccine and its applications in murine cancer models. : The autologous iPSC-based vaccine is a promising preventive and therapeutic strategy for fighting various types of cancers. Continuing efforts and clinical/translational follow-up studies may bring an autologous iPSC-based cancer vaccination approach from bench to bedside.
尽管许多当前的癌症疗法是有效的，但全球的死亡率仍然高得令人无法接受。癌症仍然是全球仅次于心脏病的第二大死亡原因，2018 年导致近 1000 万人死亡。此外，目前癌症的预防疗法还不够发达，降低了高危人群的生活质量。因此，迫切需要针对癌症的新治疗选择。在最近的一项研究中，研究人员采用了自体 iPSC 为基础的疫苗，向免疫系统呈现广谱的肿瘤抗原，并成功地在小鼠中诱导出针对多种癌症的强烈预防免疫。
在这篇综述中，我们概述了癌症的发展过程、免疫监视在癌症进展中的作用、癌症免疫疗法的现状和挑战，以及多能干细胞和癌细胞之间的遗传重叠。最后，我们讨论了自体 iPSC 为基础的疫苗的基本原理及其在小鼠癌症模型中的应用。
自体 iPSC 为基础的疫苗是一种有前途的预防和治疗各种癌症的策略。持续的努力和临床/转化后续研究可能会使自体 iPSC 为基础的癌症疫苗接种方法从实验室走向临床。
