National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement (NFCRI), Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China.
Department of Biotechnology, Rama Devi Women's University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.
Plant Biotechnol J. 2020 Jan;18(1):20-31. doi: 10.1111/pbi.13225. Epub 2019 Aug 15.
Targeted mutagenesis via genome-editing technologies holds great promise in developing improved crop varieties to meet future demands. Point mutations or single nucleotide polymorphisms often determine important agronomic traits of crops. Genome-editing-based single-base changes could generate elite trait variants in crop plants which help in accelerating crop improvement. Among the genome-editing technologies, base editing has emerged as a novel and efficient genome-editing approach which enables direct and irreversible conversion of one target base into another in a programmable manner. A base editor is a fusion of catalytically inactive CRISPR-Cas9 domain (Cas9 variants) and cytosine or adenosine deaminase domain that introduces desired point mutations in the target region enabling precise editing of genomes. In the present review, we have summarized the development of different base-editing platforms. Then, we have focussed on the current advances and the potential applications of this precise technology in crop improvement. The review also sheds light on the limitations associated with this technology. Finally, the future perspectives of this emerging technology towards crop improvement have been highlighted.
通过基因组编辑技术进行靶向诱变在开发改良作物品种以满足未来需求方面具有巨大的潜力。点突变或单核苷酸多态性通常决定了作物的重要农艺性状。基于基因组编辑的单碱基变化可以在作物中产生优良的性状变异，有助于加速作物改良。在基因组编辑技术中，碱基编辑作为一种新颖而有效的基因组编辑方法已经出现，它可以以可编程的方式直接且不可逆地将一个靶碱基转换为另一个碱基。碱基编辑器是无催化活性的 CRISPR-Cas9 结构域（Cas9 变体）和胞嘧啶或腺嘌呤脱氨酶结构域的融合，它在靶区域引入所需的点突变，从而实现基因组的精确编辑。在本综述中，我们总结了不同碱基编辑平台的发展。然后，我们重点介绍了这项精确技术在作物改良中的最新进展和潜在应用。该综述还揭示了该技术相关的局限性。最后，强调了这种新兴技术在作物改良方面的未来前景。
