Kranjc Eva, Drobne Damjana
Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 111, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
Nanomaterials (Basel). 2019 Jul 30;9(8):1094. doi: 10.3390/nano9081094.
Agricultural food crop plants interact with engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) from the application of agri-food nanotechnologies and from unintentional emissions originating from other nanotechnologies. Both types of exposure present implications for agricultural yield and quality, food chain transfer, and environmental and human health. In this review, the most recent findings from agricultural plant-ENM studies published in 2017 and 2018 are summarized. The aim of this is to identify the current hazard potential of ENMs for plants grown under typical field conditions that originate from both intentional and unintentional exposures and to contribute to knowledge-based decisions on the application of ENMs in food-agriculture. We also address recent knowledge on ENM adsorption, internalization, translocation, and bioaccumulation by plants, ENM impacts on agricultural crop yield and nutrition, and ENM biotransformation. Using adverse effect level concentrations and data on ENM accumulation in environmental matrices, the literature analyses revealed that C-, Ag-, Ce-, and Ti-based ENMs are unlikely to pose a risk to plants grown under typical field conditions, whereas Cu- and Zn-based ENMs require surveillance. Since multiple factors (e.g., ENM concentration, route of exposure, and plant type) influence the effects of ENMs on plants, biomonitoring is recommended for tracking ENM environmental exposure in the future.
农业粮食作物会与农业食品纳米技术应用中产生的工程纳米材料（ENM）以及其他纳米技术的意外排放物相互作用。这两种暴露类型都会对农业产量和质量、食物链转移以及环境和人类健康产生影响。在本综述中，总结了2017年和2018年发表的农业植物与ENM研究的最新发现。目的是确定在典型田间条件下生长的植物因有意和无意暴露而接触ENM时当前的潜在危害，并为基于知识的ENM在粮食农业中的应用决策提供参考。我们还讨论了关于植物对ENM的吸附、内化、转运和生物积累，ENM对农作物产量和营养的影响以及ENM生物转化的最新知识。通过使用不良效应水平浓度和ENM在环境基质中的积累数据，文献分析表明，基于碳、银、铈和钛的ENM不太可能对典型田间条件下生长的植物构成风险，而基于铜和锌的ENM则需要监测。由于多种因素（例如ENM浓度、暴露途径和植物类型）会影响ENM对植物的影响，因此建议未来进行生物监测以跟踪ENM的环境暴露情况。
