Zhang Peng, Guo Zhiling, Zhang Zhiyong, Fu Hualing, White Jason C, Lynch Iseult
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
Small. 2020 May;16(21):e2000705. doi: 10.1002/smll.202000705. Epub 2020 Apr 27.
Engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) have huge potential for improving use efficiency of agrochemicals, crop production, and soil health; however, the behavior and fate of ENMs and the potential for negative long-term impacts to agroecosystems remain largely unknown. In particular, there is a lack of clear understanding of the transformation of ENMs in both soil and plant compartments. The transformation can be physical, chemical, and/or biological, and may occur in soil, at the plant interface, and/or inside the plant. Due to these highly dynamic processes, ENMs may acquire new properties distinct from their original profile; as such, the behavior, fate, and biological effects may also differ significantly. Several essential questions in terms of ENMs transformation are discussed, including the drivers and locations of ENM transformation in the soil-plant system and the effects of ENM transformation on analyte uptake, translocation, and toxicity. The main knowledge gaps in this area are highlighted and future research needs are outlined so as to ensure sustainable nanoenabled agricultural applications.
工程纳米材料在提高农用化学品使用效率、作物产量和土壤健康方面具有巨大潜力；然而，工程纳米材料的行为和归宿以及对农业生态系统产生长期负面影响的可能性在很大程度上仍不为人知。特别是，对于工程纳米材料在土壤和植物部分中的转化缺乏清晰的认识。这种转化可以是物理、化学和/或生物的，并且可能发生在土壤中、植物界面处和/或植物内部。由于这些高度动态的过程，工程纳米材料可能获得与其原始特性不同的新特性；因此，其行为、归宿和生物效应也可能有显著差异。本文讨论了有关工程纳米材料转化的几个关键问题，包括土壤-植物系统中工程纳米材料转化的驱动因素和位置以及工程纳米材料转化对分析物吸收、转运和毒性的影响。突出了该领域的主要知识空白，并概述了未来的研究需求，以确保纳米技术在农业中的可持续应用。
