Vázquez-López Rosalino, Rivero Rojas Omar, Ibarra Moreno Andrea, Urrutia Favila José Erik, Peña Barreto Adan, Ortega Ortuño Guadalupe Lizeth, Abello Vaamonde Jorge Andrés, Aguilar Velazco Ivanka Alejandra, Félix Castro José Marcos, Solano-Gálvez Sandra Georgina, Barrientos Fortes Tomás, González-Barrios Juan Antonio
Departamento de Microbiología del Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (CICSA), FCS, Universidad Anáhuac México Campus Norte, Cuidad de México 52786, Mexico.
Coordinación Ciclos Clínicos, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Anáhuac México Campus Norte, Cuidad de México 52786, Mexico.
Antibiotics (Basel). 2019 Jul 30;8(3):106. doi: 10.3390/antibiotics8030106.
Death in cancer patients can be caused by the progression of tumors, their malignity, or other associated conditions such as sepsis, which is a multiphasic host response to a pathogen that can be significantly amplified by endogenous factors. Its incidence is continuously rising, which reflects the increasing number of sick patients at a higher risk of infection, especially those that are elderly, pediatric, or immunosuppressed. Sepsis appears to be directly associated with oncological treatment and fatal septic shock. Patients with a cancer diagnosis face a much higher risk of infections after being immunosuppressed by chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or anti-inflammatory therapy, especially caused by non-pathogenic, Gram-negative, and multidrug-resistant pathogens. There is a notorious difference between the incidence and mortality rates related to sepsis in pediatric oncologic patients between developed and developing countries: they are much higher in developing countries, where investment for diagnosis and treatment resources, infrastructure, medical specialists, cancer-related control programs, and post-therapeutic care is insufficient. This situation not only limits but also reduces the life expectancy of treated pediatric oncologic patients, and demands higher costs from the healthcare systems. Therefore, efforts must aim to limit the progression of sepsis conditions, applying the most recommended therapeutic regimens as soon as the initial risk factors are clinically evident-or even before they are, as when taking advantage of machine learning prediction systems to analyze data.
癌症患者的死亡可能由肿瘤进展、恶性程度或其他相关病症（如败血症）引起，败血症是宿主对病原体的多阶段反应，内源性因素可显著放大这种反应。其发病率持续上升，这反映出感染风险较高的患病患者数量不断增加，尤其是老年人、儿童或免疫抑制患者。败血症似乎与肿瘤治疗及致命性感染性休克直接相关。被诊断患有癌症的患者在接受化疗、放疗或抗炎治疗导致免疫抑制后，面临更高的感染风险，尤其是由非致病性、革兰氏阴性和多重耐药病原体引起的感染。发达国家和发展中国家的儿科肿瘤患者中，与败血症相关的发病率和死亡率存在显著差异：在发展中国家，这些比率要高得多，因为在这些国家，用于诊断和治疗资源、基础设施、医学专家、癌症相关控制项目以及治疗后护理的投入不足。这种情况不仅限制了接受治疗的儿科肿瘤患者的预期寿命，还缩短了他们的预期寿命，并且给医疗系统带来了更高的成本。因此，必须努力限制败血症病情的进展，一旦临床发现初始风险因素，甚至在发现之前（如利用机器学习预测系统分析数据时），就应采用最推荐的治疗方案。
