Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2019 Jul 30;16(15):2721. doi: 10.3390/ijerph16152721.
Recent construction trends on college campuses have demonstrated a shift to designing buildings with features focused on sustainability. However, few studies have investigated indoor air quality in institutions of higher education, particularly in sustainably designed buildings. The objective of this study was to evaluate the association of building and occupancy on indoor air quality within and between higher education buildings. We measured particulate matter, formaldehyde, carbon dioxide, and nitrogen oxides in LEED certified, retrofitted, and conventional building types on a college campus. Three size fractions of particulate matter were measured in each building. We conducted multi-zonal, 48-h measurements when the buildings were occupied and unoccupied. Outdoor particulate matter was significantly higher (PM2.5 = 4.76, PM4 = 17.1, and PM100 = 21.6 µg/m) than in classrooms (PM2.5 = 1.7, PM4 = 4.2, and PM100 = 6.7 µg/m) and common areas (PM2.5 = 1.3, PM4 = 4.2, and PM100 = 4.8 µg/m; all < 0.001). Additionally, concentrations of carbon dioxide and particulate matter were significantly higher ( < 0.05) during occupied sampling. The results suggest that occupancy status and building zone are major predictors of indoor air quality in campus buildings, which can, in turn, increase the concentration of contaminants, potentially impacting occupant health and performance. More research is warranted to reveal building features and human behaviors contributing to indoor exposures.
近年来，大学校园的建筑趋势表明，设计注重可持续性的建筑特点已成为主流。然而，很少有研究调查高等教育机构的室内空气质量，特别是在可持续设计的建筑中。本研究的目的是评估建筑和占用情况对高等教育建筑内和建筑之间室内空气质量的影响。我们在大学校园里测量了 LEED 认证、改造和传统建筑类型的颗粒物、甲醛、二氧化碳和氮氧化物。在每栋建筑中测量了三个颗粒物大小的分数。我们在建筑有人和无人时进行了多区域、48 小时的测量。室外颗粒物明显更高（PM2.5=4.76，PM4=17.1，PM100=21.6μg/m3），而教室（PM2.5=1.7，PM4=4.2，PM100=6.7μg/m3）和公共区域（PM2.5=1.3，PM4=4.2，PM100=4.8μg/m3；所有<0.001）。此外，在有人采样时，二氧化碳和颗粒物的浓度明显更高（<0.05）。研究结果表明，占用状态和建筑区域是校园建筑室内空气质量的主要预测因素，这反过来又会增加污染物的浓度，可能会影响居住者的健康和表现。需要进一步研究以揭示导致室内暴露的建筑特征和人类行为。
