Huynh Julie, Marais Ben J
Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, The Children's Hospital Westmead, New South Wales, 2145, Australia.
Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, The Children's Hospital Westmead, New South Wales, Australia.
Ther Adv Infect Dis. 2019 Jul 19;6:2049936119864737. doi: 10.1177/2049936119864737. eCollection 2019 Jan-Dec.
The World Health Organization estimates that 10 million new cases of tuberculosis (TB) occurred worldwide in 2017, of which 600,000 were rifampicin or multidrug-resistant (RR/MDR) TB. Modelling estimates suggest that 32,000 new cases of MDR-TB occur in children annually, but only a fraction of these are correctly diagnosed and treated. Accurately diagnosing TB in children, who usually have paucibacillary disease, and implementing effective TB prevention and treatment programmes in resource-limited settings remain major challenges. In light of the underappreciated RR/MDR-TB burden in children, and the lack of paediatric data on newer drugs for TB prevention and treatment, we present an overview of new and repurposed TB drugs, describing the available evidence for safety and efficacy in children to assist clinical care and decision-making.
世界卫生组织估计，2017年全球有1000万例新发结核病病例，其中60万例为利福平耐药或耐多药结核病（RR/MDR-TB）。模型估计表明，每年有3.2万例儿童新发耐多药结核病病例，但其中只有一小部分得到正确诊断和治疗。在资源有限的环境中，准确诊断通常患有少菌型疾病的儿童的结核病，并实施有效的结核病预防和治疗方案，仍然是重大挑战。鉴于儿童中未得到充分重视的RR/MDR-TB负担，以及缺乏关于结核病预防和治疗新药的儿科数据，我们概述了新型和重新利用的结核病药物，描述了在儿童中安全性和有效性的现有证据，以协助临床护理和决策。
