Wilkins Natalie J, Zhang Xinjian, Mack Karin A, Clapperton Angela J, Macpherson Alison, Sleet David, Kresnow-Sedacca Marcie-Jo, Ballesteros Michael F, Newton Donovan, Murdoch James, Mackay J Morag, Berecki-Gisolf Janneke, Marr Angela, Armstead Theresa, McClure Roderick
U.S. Center for Disease Control & Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, 4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA, 30341, United States.
Victorian Injury Surveillance Unit / Monash University Accident Research Centre, Level 3, Building 70, Clayton Campus 21 Alliance Lane, Monash University, VIC, 2800, Australia.
SSM Popul Health. 2019 Jul 8;8:100431. doi: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2019.100431. eCollection 2019 Aug.
In this ecological study, we attempt to quantify the extent to which differences in homicide and suicide death rates between three countries, and among states/provinces within those countries, may be explained by differences in their social, economic, and structural characteristics. We examine the relationship between state/province level measures of societal risk factors and state/province level rates of violent death (homicide and suicide) across Australia, Canada, and the United States. Census and mortality data from each of these three countries were used. Rates of societal level characteristics were assessed and included residential instability, self-employment, income inequality, gender economic inequity, economic stress, alcohol outlet density, and employment opportunities). Residential instability, self-employment, and income inequality were associated with rates of both homicide and suicide and gender economic inequity was associated with rates of suicide only. This study opens lines of inquiry around what contributes to the overall burden of violence-related injuries in societies and provides preliminary findings on potential societal characteristics that are associated with differences in injury and violence rates across populations.
在这项生态学研究中，我们试图量化三个国家之间以及这些国家内各州/省之间凶杀和自杀死亡率的差异在多大程度上可由其社会、经济和结构特征的差异来解释。我们研究了澳大利亚、加拿大和美国各州/省层面的社会风险因素衡量指标与暴力死亡（凶杀和自杀）率之间的关系。使用了这三个国家各自的人口普查和死亡率数据。评估了社会层面特征的比率，包括居住不稳定、个体经营、收入不平等、性别经济不平等、经济压力、酒类销售点密度和就业机会）。居住不稳定、个体经营和收入不平等与凶杀和自杀率均相关，而性别经济不平等仅与自杀率相关。这项研究开启了围绕哪些因素导致社会中与暴力相关伤害的总体负担的探究思路，并提供了关于与不同人群中伤害和暴力率差异相关的潜在社会特征的初步研究结果。
