Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.
J Community Psychol. 2019 Sep;47(7):1772-1786. doi: 10.1002/jcop.22228. Epub 2019 Aug 2.
There is a heightened interest concerning the understanding of prejudice toward Muslims in Europe, steadily increasing since 2001. This study aimed at investigating whether the phenomenon of Islamophobia could have two different manifestations (i.e., Islamoprejudice and Secular Critique of Islam). In particular, we assessed whether two social attitudes, Right-Wing Authoritarianism (RWA, i.e., authoritarian aggression, and conservatism) and Social Dominance Orientation (SDO), could predict differently the two dimensions. Moreover, we wanted to investigate the different influence of the two dimensions in relation to the perceived threat from terrorism. A sample of 366 Italian adults participated in the study completing a self-report questionnaire. Data were analyzed by means of a structural equation model. Results showed that RWA and SDO were differently related to Islamoprejudice and Secular Critique of Islam, suggesting that certain forms of critique of Islam should not be associated with individual prejudice, because motivated only by secular, democratic, and universalistic convictions, denoting the traces of cultural biases. However, the nonprejudicial and apparently less problematic dimension of Islamophobia, that is, Secular Critique, does not preserve people from perceiving the threat from terrorism, in the same way as Islamoprejudice. Implications are discussed.
人们对欧洲人对穆斯林的偏见现象愈发关注，自 2001 年以来，这种关注度一直在稳步上升。本研究旨在调查仇伊斯兰现象是否可能有两种不同的表现形式（即伊斯兰偏见和对伊斯兰教的世俗批判）。特别是，我们评估了两种社会态度，即右翼权威主义（RWA，即专制攻击和保守主义）和社会支配取向（SDO），是否可以不同地预测这两个维度。此外，我们还想调查这两个维度与感知到的恐怖主义威胁的不同影响。研究共招募了 366 名意大利成年人参与，他们完成了一份自我报告问卷。研究采用结构方程模型进行数据分析。结果表明，RWA 和 SDO 与伊斯兰偏见和对伊斯兰教的世俗批判有不同的关系，这表明对伊斯兰教的某些批判形式不应与个人偏见联系在一起，因为这些批判只是出于世俗、民主和普遍主义的信念，这表明了文化偏见的痕迹。然而，仇伊斯兰现象中不带有偏见且看似不那么成问题的世俗批判维度，并没有像伊斯兰偏见那样保护人们免受来自恐怖主义的威胁。讨论了其中的含义。
