School of Geography and Environment, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250358, Shandong, China.
State Environmental Protection Scientific Observation and Research Station for Lake Dongtinghu (SEPSORSLD), National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria an Risk Assessment, Research Centre of Lake Environment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2019 Oct;26(28):28796-28807. doi: 10.1007/s11356-019-06047-4. Epub 2019 Aug 3.
The pharmaceutical and personal care product (PPCP) residues in freshwater lakes are being highlighted around the world. The occurrence and ecological risk of 34 PPCPs classified as antibiotics, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID), cardiovascular drugs, psychotropic drugs, anti-inflammatory drugs, psychostimulants, and pesticides during rainstorm period in surface water of the Dongting Lake, China, were studied. Twenty-six out of thirty-four PPCPs were detected, and the total concentrations of antibiotics ranged from 0.15 to 214.75 ng L in surface water. The highest average concentration was observed for diclofenac, followed by diethyltoluamide (DEET). The PPCP concentrations were much lower in Dongting Lake compared to other rivers and lakes due to the strong dilution effect of rainstorm, while the detection rate remains high. Caffeine and DEET were detected with 100% frequency in Dongting Lake, and the detection rates of diclofenac, mefenamic acid, and roxithromycin were above 90%. The pollution levels of antibiotics decreased in the order of East Dongting Lake > South Dongting Lake > West Dongting Lake, which may be related to the distribution of aquaculture plants, sewage treatment plants, and population density. The risk quotient (RQ) method was used to evaluate ecological environment risk under the worst case and the results suggested that clarithromycin, diclofenac, roxithromycin, and erythromycin might pose a significant risk to aquatic organisms in Dongting Lake, especially clarithromycin. This study can provide data support for further research on the dilutive effect and mechanism of rainwater runoff on PPCPs in lakes on a large scale.
淡水湖泊中的药品和个人护理用品（PPCP）残留问题备受全球关注。本研究对中国洞庭湖地表水在暴雨期间的 34 种 PPCP（抗生素、非甾体抗炎药、心血管药物、精神药物、抗炎药、精神兴奋剂和杀虫剂）的出现和生态风险进行了研究。在所检测的 34 种 PPCP 中有 26 种被检测到，抗生素的总浓度在地表水中的范围为 0.15 至 214.75ng/L。其中，双氯芬酸的平均浓度最高，其次是二乙基甲苯酰胺（DEET）。由于暴雨的强烈稀释作用，洞庭湖的 PPCP 浓度远低于其他河流和湖泊，但检出率仍然很高。咖啡因和 DEET 在洞庭湖的检出率为 100%，双氯芬酸、甲芬那酸和罗红霉素的检出率均高于 90%。抗生素的污染水平按东洞庭湖 > 南洞庭湖 > 西洞庭湖的顺序递减，这可能与水产养殖植物、污水处理厂和人口密度的分布有关。采用风险商（RQ）法在最不利情况下评估生态环境风险，结果表明，克拉霉素、双氯芬酸、罗红霉素和红霉素可能对洞庭湖的水生生物构成重大风险，特别是克拉霉素。本研究可为进一步研究大规模湖泊雨水径流水对 PPCP 的稀释作用和机制提供数据支持。
